4020 exam 1 Answers 100%
correct
The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release
of bile into the duodenum is _____. *ans*✨cholecystokinin
Sucrose digestion is initiated in the _____. *ans*✨duodenum
The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive
factors in food appears to be _____. *ans*✨interactions with transcription factors
In general, in which portion of the gastrointestinal tract does most absorption
occur? *ans*✨small intestine
Allosteric regulation of enzymes is carried out by modulators. Modulators are
other enzymes that bind to the enzyme being regulated to either inhibit or
stimulate its activity *ans*✨False
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the _____. *ans*✨hepatocytes
The total bile acid pool in the human body is 2. 5 to 5 g. What percentage of bile
is reabsorbed in the small intestine? *ans*✨90%
Choose the best description of the main method of glucose absorption in the
small intestine. *ans*✨active transport with sodium
Glycemic load considers the _____ in the food. *ans*✨quantity and quality of
carbohydrate
Protein kinase is activated by cAMP and results in the phosphorylation of
enzymes. This is an example of which of the following types of enzyme
regulation? *ans*✨Covalent
Protein kinase is activated by ___________ and results in the ____________ of
enzymes. *ans*✨cAMP, phosphorylation
Which of the following metabolic pathways does NOT take place in the
cytoplasm? *ans*✨krebs cycle also called the citric acid cycle
Which of the following is NOT found in micelles? *ans*✨triglycerides
Which of the follow is found in micelles? *ans*✨cholesterol, vitamin D and other
fat soluble vitamins, mono- and di-glycerides
What percent of daily caloric intake is provided by our gut microbiota through the
process of fermentation? *ans*✨10-20%
In what form do carbohydrates enter the blood stream from the gut?
*ans*✨Monosaccharides
Which of the following explains the mechanisms behind the fat malabsorption
commonly observed in Crohn's disease (a type of inflammatory bowel disease)?
*ans*✨impaired recirculation of bile
, What distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative research methods?
*ans*✨the nature of the data collected
According to the AND model of evidence analysis, which of the following would
be considered the lowest level of scientific evidence? *ans*✨a case-study
Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone and stimulates all of the following:
*ans*✨translocation of GLUT4 protein from the cytosol to the plasma membrane
in muscle cells, protein synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. NOT
gluconeogenesis
Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone and stimulates____. *ans*✨protein
synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and translocation of GLUT 4 protein from the
cytosol to the plasma membrane in muscle cells
Which of the following is a true statement regarding probiotics?
*ans*✨Colonizing gut microbiota are important to health in a variety of ways
and probiotics may enhance some of these effects.
According to the American Heart Association, Americans should limit the amount
of added sugars consumed per day to what amount? *ans*✨6-9 teaspoons per
day
Which of the following is most important for the enterohepatic recirculation of
bile? *ans*✨a functioning ileum
Which of the following IS NOT an important point of control (or characteristic) for
human clinical trials? *ans*✨Subjects are randomly selected from the U.S.
population (or another population)
Chronic use of drugs such as Tagamet and Pepcid may lead to a condition called
achlorydria. Which of the following is a consequence of this condition?
*ans*✨impaired iron absorption and impaired digestion of protein
Which of the following metabolic responses would you expect 2-4 (mid post-
prandial) hours after consuming a high glycemic index meal (compared to a low
glycemic index meal)? *ans*✨hypoglycemia
Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment strategy for someone
with Von Gierk's disease - a mutation that results in decreased activity of
glucose-6-phosphatase *ans*✨Regular and consistent feeding that includes a
source of readily available glucose every 3-4 hours
Which of the following enzymes is active in gluconeogenesis and provides the
"bypass" for the regulated step catalized by phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
*ans*✨Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase
Which of the following greatly contributes to insulin resistance (Hint: this is part
of the late post-prandial metabolic response that occurs 4-6 hours after eating a
high glycemic index meal vs. a low glycemic index meal). *ans*✨Increased
concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood
Which of the following activates glycogen phosphorylase by facilitating its
phosphorylation? *ans*✨glucagon
correct
The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release
of bile into the duodenum is _____. *ans*✨cholecystokinin
Sucrose digestion is initiated in the _____. *ans*✨duodenum
The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive
factors in food appears to be _____. *ans*✨interactions with transcription factors
In general, in which portion of the gastrointestinal tract does most absorption
occur? *ans*✨small intestine
Allosteric regulation of enzymes is carried out by modulators. Modulators are
other enzymes that bind to the enzyme being regulated to either inhibit or
stimulate its activity *ans*✨False
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the _____. *ans*✨hepatocytes
The total bile acid pool in the human body is 2. 5 to 5 g. What percentage of bile
is reabsorbed in the small intestine? *ans*✨90%
Choose the best description of the main method of glucose absorption in the
small intestine. *ans*✨active transport with sodium
Glycemic load considers the _____ in the food. *ans*✨quantity and quality of
carbohydrate
Protein kinase is activated by cAMP and results in the phosphorylation of
enzymes. This is an example of which of the following types of enzyme
regulation? *ans*✨Covalent
Protein kinase is activated by ___________ and results in the ____________ of
enzymes. *ans*✨cAMP, phosphorylation
Which of the following metabolic pathways does NOT take place in the
cytoplasm? *ans*✨krebs cycle also called the citric acid cycle
Which of the following is NOT found in micelles? *ans*✨triglycerides
Which of the follow is found in micelles? *ans*✨cholesterol, vitamin D and other
fat soluble vitamins, mono- and di-glycerides
What percent of daily caloric intake is provided by our gut microbiota through the
process of fermentation? *ans*✨10-20%
In what form do carbohydrates enter the blood stream from the gut?
*ans*✨Monosaccharides
Which of the following explains the mechanisms behind the fat malabsorption
commonly observed in Crohn's disease (a type of inflammatory bowel disease)?
*ans*✨impaired recirculation of bile
, What distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative research methods?
*ans*✨the nature of the data collected
According to the AND model of evidence analysis, which of the following would
be considered the lowest level of scientific evidence? *ans*✨a case-study
Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone and stimulates all of the following:
*ans*✨translocation of GLUT4 protein from the cytosol to the plasma membrane
in muscle cells, protein synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. NOT
gluconeogenesis
Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone and stimulates____. *ans*✨protein
synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and translocation of GLUT 4 protein from the
cytosol to the plasma membrane in muscle cells
Which of the following is a true statement regarding probiotics?
*ans*✨Colonizing gut microbiota are important to health in a variety of ways
and probiotics may enhance some of these effects.
According to the American Heart Association, Americans should limit the amount
of added sugars consumed per day to what amount? *ans*✨6-9 teaspoons per
day
Which of the following is most important for the enterohepatic recirculation of
bile? *ans*✨a functioning ileum
Which of the following IS NOT an important point of control (or characteristic) for
human clinical trials? *ans*✨Subjects are randomly selected from the U.S.
population (or another population)
Chronic use of drugs such as Tagamet and Pepcid may lead to a condition called
achlorydria. Which of the following is a consequence of this condition?
*ans*✨impaired iron absorption and impaired digestion of protein
Which of the following metabolic responses would you expect 2-4 (mid post-
prandial) hours after consuming a high glycemic index meal (compared to a low
glycemic index meal)? *ans*✨hypoglycemia
Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment strategy for someone
with Von Gierk's disease - a mutation that results in decreased activity of
glucose-6-phosphatase *ans*✨Regular and consistent feeding that includes a
source of readily available glucose every 3-4 hours
Which of the following enzymes is active in gluconeogenesis and provides the
"bypass" for the regulated step catalized by phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
*ans*✨Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase
Which of the following greatly contributes to insulin resistance (Hint: this is part
of the late post-prandial metabolic response that occurs 4-6 hours after eating a
high glycemic index meal vs. a low glycemic index meal). *ans*✨Increased
concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood
Which of the following activates glycogen phosphorylase by facilitating its
phosphorylation? *ans*✨glucagon
