1. Which of the following is a typical sign of infantile colic?
A) Persistent vomiting
B) Excessive crying in the evening
C) Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)
D) Diarrhea
Answer: B) Excessive crying in the evening
Rationale: Infantile colic is characterized by excessive crying for more
than 3 hours a day, usually in the late afternoon or evening, without any
underlying medical condition.
2. A 4-month-old infant is brought in for evaluation of failure to
thrive. The infant's growth chart shows a drop in weight and height
percentiles. What is the most likely cause of failure to thrive in this
infant?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Cow's milk protein allergy
C) Inadequate caloric intake
D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: C) Inadequate caloric intake
Rationale: The most common cause of failure to thrive in infants is
insufficient caloric intake. Conditions such as cystic fibrosis or cow’s
milk protein allergy may be contributing factors but are less common.
3. Which of the following is the recommended first-line treatment
for an acute asthma exacerbation in a 5-year-old child?
A) Intravenous corticosteroids
B) Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
,C) Oral leukotriene modifiers
D) Intramuscular epinephrine
Answer: B) Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
Rationale: Inhaled SABAs, such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment
for acute asthma exacerbations as they provide rapid bronchodilation.
4. Which of the following vaccines should be given at 2 months of
age?
A) DTaP, Hib, IPV, MMR
B) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Hepatitis B
C) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal
D) DTaP, Hib, IPV, MMR, Varicella
Answer: C) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal
Rationale: At 2 months, infants are typically given DTaP (diphtheria,
tetanus, and acellular pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b),
IPV (inactivated poliovirus), Rotavirus, and pneumococcal vaccines.
5. A child presents with a non-productive cough, fever, and a
"barky" cough. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Bronchiolitis
B) Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
C) Pneumonia
D) Tuberculosis
Answer: B) Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Rationale: Croup is a viral infection causing a "barky" cough and is
often accompanied by stridor, especially at night.
, 6. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with acute otitis media. Which of
the following is the first-line treatment?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Azithromycin
C) Ceftriaxone
D) Clarithromycin
Answer: A) Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media,
unless the child has a penicillin allergy or the infection is known to be
resistant.
7. A 3-year-old is brought to the clinic with a new onset of limp and
hip pain. The child has fever and is unable to bear weight. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
B) Septic arthritis
C) Transient synovitis
D) Osteomyelitis
Answer: B) Septic arthritis
Rationale: Septic arthritis should be suspected in a child with fever,
joint pain, and an inability to bear weight. It is a medical emergency that
requires prompt antibiotic treatment.
8. Which of the following conditions is associated with a "thumb
sign" on an X-ray?
A) Epiglottitis
B) Croup
A) Persistent vomiting
B) Excessive crying in the evening
C) Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)
D) Diarrhea
Answer: B) Excessive crying in the evening
Rationale: Infantile colic is characterized by excessive crying for more
than 3 hours a day, usually in the late afternoon or evening, without any
underlying medical condition.
2. A 4-month-old infant is brought in for evaluation of failure to
thrive. The infant's growth chart shows a drop in weight and height
percentiles. What is the most likely cause of failure to thrive in this
infant?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Cow's milk protein allergy
C) Inadequate caloric intake
D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: C) Inadequate caloric intake
Rationale: The most common cause of failure to thrive in infants is
insufficient caloric intake. Conditions such as cystic fibrosis or cow’s
milk protein allergy may be contributing factors but are less common.
3. Which of the following is the recommended first-line treatment
for an acute asthma exacerbation in a 5-year-old child?
A) Intravenous corticosteroids
B) Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
,C) Oral leukotriene modifiers
D) Intramuscular epinephrine
Answer: B) Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
Rationale: Inhaled SABAs, such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment
for acute asthma exacerbations as they provide rapid bronchodilation.
4. Which of the following vaccines should be given at 2 months of
age?
A) DTaP, Hib, IPV, MMR
B) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Hepatitis B
C) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal
D) DTaP, Hib, IPV, MMR, Varicella
Answer: C) DTaP, Hib, IPV, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal
Rationale: At 2 months, infants are typically given DTaP (diphtheria,
tetanus, and acellular pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b),
IPV (inactivated poliovirus), Rotavirus, and pneumococcal vaccines.
5. A child presents with a non-productive cough, fever, and a
"barky" cough. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Bronchiolitis
B) Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
C) Pneumonia
D) Tuberculosis
Answer: B) Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Rationale: Croup is a viral infection causing a "barky" cough and is
often accompanied by stridor, especially at night.
, 6. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with acute otitis media. Which of
the following is the first-line treatment?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Azithromycin
C) Ceftriaxone
D) Clarithromycin
Answer: A) Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media,
unless the child has a penicillin allergy or the infection is known to be
resistant.
7. A 3-year-old is brought to the clinic with a new onset of limp and
hip pain. The child has fever and is unable to bear weight. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
B) Septic arthritis
C) Transient synovitis
D) Osteomyelitis
Answer: B) Septic arthritis
Rationale: Septic arthritis should be suspected in a child with fever,
joint pain, and an inability to bear weight. It is a medical emergency that
requires prompt antibiotic treatment.
8. Which of the following conditions is associated with a "thumb
sign" on an X-ray?
A) Epiglottitis
B) Croup
