1. A 4-year-old child presents with a 3-day history of fever, cough,
and difficulty breathing. On examination, the child has a barking
cough and stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Croup
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia
Answer: B) Croup
Rationale: Croup is characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and
difficulty breathing, typically seen in children aged 6 months to 3 years.
It is often caused by a viral infection, commonly parainfluenza.
2. A 2-year-old child is brought in for a well-child visit. The parents
express concern about their child not speaking any words yet. What
is the expected language milestone for a 2-year-old?
A) Saying 2-3 word phrases
B) Saying 50 words
C) Saying single words
D) Saying 10-20 words
Answer: D) Saying 10-20 words
Rationale: At 2 years of age, most children should have a vocabulary of
about 10-20 words, although the range can vary.
3. A newborn is noted to have yellowing of the skin and sclera. This
has been progressive since birth and is most noticeable on day 3.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Physiologic jaundice
B) Breastfeeding jaundice
,C) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
D) Hepatitis
Answer: A) Physiologic jaundice
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice is common in newborns and usually
appears on the second or third day of life, peaks at day 3-5, and resolves
by week 2. It is caused by the normal breakdown of fetal hemoglobin.
4. A 10-year-old girl presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a
history of recent upper respiratory infection. On examination, she
has right lower quadrant tenderness. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Acute appendicitis
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Intussusception
D) Mesenteric adenitis
Answer: A) Acute appendicitis
Rationale: Acute appendicitis often presents with right lower quadrant
pain, tenderness, and nausea/vomiting. It may follow a viral illness, such
as an upper respiratory infection.
5. A 6-year-old child presents with sudden onset of leg pain, a limp,
and limited range of motion of the hip. The child has a low-grade
fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Septic arthritis
B) Transient synovitis
C) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D) Osgood-Schlatter disease
, Answer: B) Transient synovitis
Rationale: Transient synovitis is a common cause of hip pain in
children, often following a viral infection. It is self-limited and usually
resolves without specific treatment.
6. A 5-month-old infant is brought in for a well-child visit. The
mother reports that the infant is not rolling over or sitting up. What
is the appropriate developmental milestone for a 5-month-old?
A) Sitting with support
B) Rolling over
C) Standing with support
D) Walking
Answer: B) Rolling over
Rationale: By 5 months, most infants should be able to roll over,
typically from front to back. Sitting with support usually develops
around 6 months.
7. A 3-year-old child presents with a history of poor weight gain,
irritability, and excessive thirst. Laboratory tests show elevated
sodium levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: D) Diabetes insipidus
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus presents with excessive thirst
(polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria), and possible weight loss.
and difficulty breathing. On examination, the child has a barking
cough and stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Croup
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia
Answer: B) Croup
Rationale: Croup is characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and
difficulty breathing, typically seen in children aged 6 months to 3 years.
It is often caused by a viral infection, commonly parainfluenza.
2. A 2-year-old child is brought in for a well-child visit. The parents
express concern about their child not speaking any words yet. What
is the expected language milestone for a 2-year-old?
A) Saying 2-3 word phrases
B) Saying 50 words
C) Saying single words
D) Saying 10-20 words
Answer: D) Saying 10-20 words
Rationale: At 2 years of age, most children should have a vocabulary of
about 10-20 words, although the range can vary.
3. A newborn is noted to have yellowing of the skin and sclera. This
has been progressive since birth and is most noticeable on day 3.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Physiologic jaundice
B) Breastfeeding jaundice
,C) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
D) Hepatitis
Answer: A) Physiologic jaundice
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice is common in newborns and usually
appears on the second or third day of life, peaks at day 3-5, and resolves
by week 2. It is caused by the normal breakdown of fetal hemoglobin.
4. A 10-year-old girl presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a
history of recent upper respiratory infection. On examination, she
has right lower quadrant tenderness. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Acute appendicitis
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Intussusception
D) Mesenteric adenitis
Answer: A) Acute appendicitis
Rationale: Acute appendicitis often presents with right lower quadrant
pain, tenderness, and nausea/vomiting. It may follow a viral illness, such
as an upper respiratory infection.
5. A 6-year-old child presents with sudden onset of leg pain, a limp,
and limited range of motion of the hip. The child has a low-grade
fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Septic arthritis
B) Transient synovitis
C) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D) Osgood-Schlatter disease
, Answer: B) Transient synovitis
Rationale: Transient synovitis is a common cause of hip pain in
children, often following a viral infection. It is self-limited and usually
resolves without specific treatment.
6. A 5-month-old infant is brought in for a well-child visit. The
mother reports that the infant is not rolling over or sitting up. What
is the appropriate developmental milestone for a 5-month-old?
A) Sitting with support
B) Rolling over
C) Standing with support
D) Walking
Answer: B) Rolling over
Rationale: By 5 months, most infants should be able to roll over,
typically from front to back. Sitting with support usually develops
around 6 months.
7. A 3-year-old child presents with a history of poor weight gain,
irritability, and excessive thirst. Laboratory tests show elevated
sodium levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: D) Diabetes insipidus
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus presents with excessive thirst
(polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria), and possible weight loss.
