Somatic
embryogenesis
Kajal Sharma
MSC. BOTANY 4TH SEM
,Aspects of Morphogenesis
Morphogenesis is a fundamental biological process that involves the development of an organism's shape, structure,
and form during its growth.
The term comes from the Greek words "morphê" (shape) and "genesis" (creation).
It is a key aspect of developmental biology and occurs in plants, animals, and other organisms.
Morphogenesis encompasses various cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the organization and
differentiation of cells, tissues, and organs.
Aspects of Morphogenesis
,
, 1. Cell Division
• Role: Provides the cells required for plant growth and organ formation.
• Details:
o Occurs in meristematic tissues (apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems).
o Controlled by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
• Example: Divisions in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) leading to primary
growth.
• Significance: Determines plant growth patterns and organogenesis.
2. Cell Differentiation
• Role: Specialization of cells to perform specific functions.
• Details:
o Guided by hormonal signals like auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.
o Differentiated cells include xylem, phloem, and epidermal cells.
• Example: Differentiation of procambium into vascular tissues during secondary growth.
• Significance: Essential for forming functional tissues and organs.
embryogenesis
Kajal Sharma
MSC. BOTANY 4TH SEM
,Aspects of Morphogenesis
Morphogenesis is a fundamental biological process that involves the development of an organism's shape, structure,
and form during its growth.
The term comes from the Greek words "morphê" (shape) and "genesis" (creation).
It is a key aspect of developmental biology and occurs in plants, animals, and other organisms.
Morphogenesis encompasses various cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the organization and
differentiation of cells, tissues, and organs.
Aspects of Morphogenesis
,
, 1. Cell Division
• Role: Provides the cells required for plant growth and organ formation.
• Details:
o Occurs in meristematic tissues (apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems).
o Controlled by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
• Example: Divisions in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) leading to primary
growth.
• Significance: Determines plant growth patterns and organogenesis.
2. Cell Differentiation
• Role: Specialization of cells to perform specific functions.
• Details:
o Guided by hormonal signals like auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.
o Differentiated cells include xylem, phloem, and epidermal cells.
• Example: Differentiation of procambium into vascular tissues during secondary growth.
• Significance: Essential for forming functional tissues and organs.
