PAS 513 Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal Exam | Questions and Answers

PAS 513 Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal Exam | Questions and Answers What are the ways to divide the anterior abdominal wall? - two mid-clavicular lines and two horizontal lines - two perpendicular lines through the umbilicus What does Camper refer to in the layers of the body wall? fatty superficial layer of superficial fascia What does Scarpa refer to in the layers of the body wall? membranous deep layer of superficial fascia What terms are equivalent when referring to the layers of the body wall? - transversalis fascia - inner investing layer of deep fascia - endo abdominal fascia The Anterior Abdominal Wall is composed of _____________ whose __________ envelop a centrally placed _____________ three lateral muscles; aponeuroses; pair of vertical muscles What is an aponeurosis? flat tendon The 3 lateral muscles of the abdomen have: muscle belly and aponeurosis Which abdominal muscles are packaged within an aponeurosis? centrally placed pair of vertical muscles What are the four anterolateral abdominal muscles? - transverse abdominis - internal abdominal oblique - external abdominal oblique - rectus abdominis What is the most external muscle of the abdomen? external abdominal oblique External abdominal oblique fibers run: inferiomedially Where do external abdominal oblique fibers originate? ribs 5-12 Where does the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique insert? - linea alba - anterior half of iliac crest - pubic tubercle What muscle folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament? external abdominal oblique Where does the inguinal ligament run? anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle What is the hole in the medial lower edge of the inguinal ligament called? superficial inguinal ring What is the superficial inguinal ring? hole in the medial lower edge of the inguinal ligament What muscle is just deep to the external abdominal oblique muscle? internal abdominal oblique Internal abdominal oblique fibers run: Superiormedially Where does the internal abdominal oblique originate? lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament Where does the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis insert? - linea alba - pubic tubercle What is the deepest abdominal muscle? transversus abdominus muscle Transversus abdominus muscle fibers run: transversely across the abdomen Where do transversus abdominus muscles originate? lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament Where does the transversus abdominus muscle aponeurosis insert? - linea alba - pubic tubercle What is the conjoint tendon? combination of internal and transversus abdominus aponeuroses What do the combination of internal and transversus abdominus aponeuroses form? conjoint tendon Where is the conjoint tendon inserted? pubic tubercle What are the central vertical muscles in the abdomen? rectus abdominus muscle Where does the rectus abdominus muscle attach? ribs 5, 6, 7, and pubic tubercle The rectus abdominus muscle tapers: Inferiorly What envelopes the rectus abdominus muscle? aponeuroses of the oblique muscles What is the rectus sheath? aponeuroses of the oblique muscles enveloping rectus abdominus What are the components of the rectus sheath? - anterior leaflet - posterior leaflet What is the function of the rectus sheath? - stabilizes pelvis - flexes vertebral column - antagonize erector spinae muscle and compresses abdominal viscera What allows the vertebral column to flex? rectus sheath Where is the rectus sheath located above the arcuate line? 1.5 layers of aponeurosis on each side of rectus muscle Where is the rectus sheath located below the arcuate line? all aponeuroses are anterior What comprises the posterior leaflet of the rectus sheath? transversalis fascia Where is the arcuate line? ½ way between umbilicus and pubic tubercle The rectus sheath is thinner _______ the arcuate line Below What allows blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall? - intercostal branches - superior epigastric - inferior epigastric - superficial and deep branches Where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath? inferior to the arcuate line Where is the anastomosis of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries? rectus sheath What are the thoracoepigastric veins? superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall What is caput medusae a sign of? severe portal HTN What is caput medusae? the appearance of distended and engorged paraumbilical veins What is the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall? lateral and anterior cutaneous nerves What do lateral and cutaneous nerves branch from? intercostal nerves What spinal nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall? Spinal Nerves T7-T12 and L1 What branches does spinal cord segment L1 contribute to? - iliohypogastric nerve - ilioinguinal nerve What supplies the overlying abdominal skin? lateral and anterior cutaneous nerves Where do the testes begin their development? retroperitoneal space What is the inguinal canal?