. Which of the following medications is classified as an ACE inhibitor?
A) Losartan
B) Metoprolol
C) Enalapril
D) Verapamil
Answer: C) Enalapril
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the enzyme responsible for converting
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Losartan is an ARB, Metoprolol is a
beta-blocker, and Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of prednisone. Which of the following
is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypotension
C) Bradycardia
D) Hyperkalemia
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone can increase blood glucose levels, leading to
hyperglycemia. They are also known to cause fluid retention, increase blood pressure, and
decrease potassium levels.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which of
the following foods?
A) Leafy greens
B) Whole grains
C) Dairy products
D) Fruits high in vitamin C
Answer: A) Leafy greens
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K. Foods high in
vitamin K, such as leafy greens, can interfere with the drug’s effectiveness and affect blood
clotting.
,4. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient. The nurse should assess for
which of the following signs of digoxin toxicity?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Hypothermia
C) Increased urinary output
D) Hyperactivity
Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances
(e.g., yellow halos), and arrhythmias. It does not typically cause hypothermia, increased urinary
output, or hyperactivity.
5. Which of the following statements by a patient taking a thiazide diuretic indicates the
need for further teaching?
A) "I will eat foods high in potassium."
B) "I should avoid getting up too quickly."
C) "I should limit my fluid intake to prevent dehydration."
D) "I should take this medication with food."
Answer: C) "I should limit my fluid intake to prevent dehydration."
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can cause dehydration, but it is important for the patient to
maintain adequate fluid intake. Limiting fluid intake could worsen dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances. The other statements are correct.
6. A nurse is administering a statin medication to a patient. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A) Liver toxicity
B) Renal failure
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Visual disturbances
Answer: A) Liver toxicity
Rationale: Statins can cause liver toxicity, so liver function tests should be monitored. Statins
are not typically associated with renal failure, hyperglycemia, or visual disturbances.
, 7. Which of the following medications is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose?
A) Naloxone
B) Flumazenil
C) Atropine
D) Protamine sulfate
Answer: A) Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose,
including respiratory depression. Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdoses, atropine for
bradycardia, and protamine sulfate for heparin overdose.
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler. Which of the following is a
common side effect of this medication?
A) Bradycardia
B) Muscle tremors
C) Constipation
D) Weight gain
Answer: B) Muscle tremors
Rationale: Beta-agonist inhalers (e.g., albuterol) can cause side effects like muscle tremors,
tachycardia, and nervousness. Bradycardia, constipation, and weight gain are not common side
effects.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor for signs
of which of the following?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Lithium toxicity
D) Hypernatremia
Answer: C) Lithium toxicity
Rationale: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and toxicity can occur if levels become too
high. Symptoms of toxicity include tremors, confusion, and ataxia. It does not cause
hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, or hypernatremia.
A) Losartan
B) Metoprolol
C) Enalapril
D) Verapamil
Answer: C) Enalapril
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the enzyme responsible for converting
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Losartan is an ARB, Metoprolol is a
beta-blocker, and Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of prednisone. Which of the following
is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypotension
C) Bradycardia
D) Hyperkalemia
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone can increase blood glucose levels, leading to
hyperglycemia. They are also known to cause fluid retention, increase blood pressure, and
decrease potassium levels.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which of
the following foods?
A) Leafy greens
B) Whole grains
C) Dairy products
D) Fruits high in vitamin C
Answer: A) Leafy greens
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K. Foods high in
vitamin K, such as leafy greens, can interfere with the drug’s effectiveness and affect blood
clotting.
,4. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient. The nurse should assess for
which of the following signs of digoxin toxicity?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Hypothermia
C) Increased urinary output
D) Hyperactivity
Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances
(e.g., yellow halos), and arrhythmias. It does not typically cause hypothermia, increased urinary
output, or hyperactivity.
5. Which of the following statements by a patient taking a thiazide diuretic indicates the
need for further teaching?
A) "I will eat foods high in potassium."
B) "I should avoid getting up too quickly."
C) "I should limit my fluid intake to prevent dehydration."
D) "I should take this medication with food."
Answer: C) "I should limit my fluid intake to prevent dehydration."
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can cause dehydration, but it is important for the patient to
maintain adequate fluid intake. Limiting fluid intake could worsen dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances. The other statements are correct.
6. A nurse is administering a statin medication to a patient. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A) Liver toxicity
B) Renal failure
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Visual disturbances
Answer: A) Liver toxicity
Rationale: Statins can cause liver toxicity, so liver function tests should be monitored. Statins
are not typically associated with renal failure, hyperglycemia, or visual disturbances.
, 7. Which of the following medications is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose?
A) Naloxone
B) Flumazenil
C) Atropine
D) Protamine sulfate
Answer: A) Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose,
including respiratory depression. Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdoses, atropine for
bradycardia, and protamine sulfate for heparin overdose.
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler. Which of the following is a
common side effect of this medication?
A) Bradycardia
B) Muscle tremors
C) Constipation
D) Weight gain
Answer: B) Muscle tremors
Rationale: Beta-agonist inhalers (e.g., albuterol) can cause side effects like muscle tremors,
tachycardia, and nervousness. Bradycardia, constipation, and weight gain are not common side
effects.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor for signs
of which of the following?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Lithium toxicity
D) Hypernatremia
Answer: C) Lithium toxicity
Rationale: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and toxicity can occur if levels become too
high. Symptoms of toxicity include tremors, confusion, and ataxia. It does not cause
hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, or hypernatremia.
