1. Which of the following is the primary action of beta-blockers?
A. Increase heart rate
B. Decrease heart rate
C. Increase blood pressure
D. Decrease blood pressure
Answer: B. Decrease heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease
in heart rate and blood pressure, making them useful for treating conditions like hypertension
and arrhythmias.
2. Which class of medications is commonly used to treat hyperlipidemia?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Statins
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B. Statins
Rationale: Statins, such as atorvastatin, are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels by
inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which is an enzyme involved in cholesterol production in the
liver.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed digoxin. Which of the
following signs would be most concerning for digoxin toxicity?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Constipation
D. Increased urination
Answer: A. Bradycardia
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can cause a decrease in heart rate, resulting in bradycardia. Other
signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances.
,4. Which of the following is an adverse effect of morphine sulfate?
A. Increased respiratory rate
B. Sedation
C. Tachycardia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B. Sedation
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause sedation as a common side effect. It
may also cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and constipation.
5. Which of the following medications is a first-line treatment for hypertension?
A. Insulin
B. Furosemide
C. Lisinopril
D. Warfarin
Answer: C. Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which works by blocking the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, helping to lower blood pressure. It is commonly used as a first-
line treatment for hypertension.
6. A patient is receiving warfarin therapy. Which of the following laboratory
tests should be monitored regularly?
A. Complete blood count (CBC)
B. Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
C. Liver function tests
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Answer: B. Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and its effectiveness is monitored by measuring the PT
and INR. These tests assess the clotting ability of blood.
7. Which of the following medications is used for acute asthma exacerbation?
, A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Fluticasone
D. Theophylline
Answer: B. Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used for the rapid relief of
bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack.
8. Which of the following is an adverse effect of taking aspirin?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Tinnitus
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Increased bleeding
Answer: B. Tinnitus
Rationale: Tinnitus is a common sign of aspirin toxicity. Aspirin can also cause bleeding
tendencies, especially when used in high doses or over long periods.
9. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for the prevention
of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation?
A. Digoxin
B. Heparin
C. Warfarin
D. Metoprolol
Answer: C. Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant commonly used to prevent blood clots in patients
with atrial fibrillation. It reduces the risk of stroke by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors.
10. A patient on chemotherapy is prescribed filgrastim. What is the primary
purpose of this medication?
A. Increase heart rate
B. Decrease heart rate
C. Increase blood pressure
D. Decrease blood pressure
Answer: B. Decrease heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease
in heart rate and blood pressure, making them useful for treating conditions like hypertension
and arrhythmias.
2. Which class of medications is commonly used to treat hyperlipidemia?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Statins
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B. Statins
Rationale: Statins, such as atorvastatin, are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels by
inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which is an enzyme involved in cholesterol production in the
liver.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed digoxin. Which of the
following signs would be most concerning for digoxin toxicity?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Constipation
D. Increased urination
Answer: A. Bradycardia
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can cause a decrease in heart rate, resulting in bradycardia. Other
signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances.
,4. Which of the following is an adverse effect of morphine sulfate?
A. Increased respiratory rate
B. Sedation
C. Tachycardia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B. Sedation
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause sedation as a common side effect. It
may also cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and constipation.
5. Which of the following medications is a first-line treatment for hypertension?
A. Insulin
B. Furosemide
C. Lisinopril
D. Warfarin
Answer: C. Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which works by blocking the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, helping to lower blood pressure. It is commonly used as a first-
line treatment for hypertension.
6. A patient is receiving warfarin therapy. Which of the following laboratory
tests should be monitored regularly?
A. Complete blood count (CBC)
B. Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
C. Liver function tests
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Answer: B. Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and its effectiveness is monitored by measuring the PT
and INR. These tests assess the clotting ability of blood.
7. Which of the following medications is used for acute asthma exacerbation?
, A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Fluticasone
D. Theophylline
Answer: B. Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used for the rapid relief of
bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack.
8. Which of the following is an adverse effect of taking aspirin?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Tinnitus
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Increased bleeding
Answer: B. Tinnitus
Rationale: Tinnitus is a common sign of aspirin toxicity. Aspirin can also cause bleeding
tendencies, especially when used in high doses or over long periods.
9. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for the prevention
of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation?
A. Digoxin
B. Heparin
C. Warfarin
D. Metoprolol
Answer: C. Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant commonly used to prevent blood clots in patients
with atrial fibrillation. It reduces the risk of stroke by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors.
10. A patient on chemotherapy is prescribed filgrastim. What is the primary
purpose of this medication?
