PETE 225: Drilling Operations Exam 2 Preparation
Surge - correct answer ✔✔_____ pressures occur when running in the hole. There is not enough space
around the bit and BHA for fluid to flow past as it is displaced. Instead fluid will be forced downward into
the formation
Swab - correct answer ✔✔Similar to surge except opposite in effect. If a drillstring or casing string is
pulled out of the hole too rapidly, it may displace or pull fluids out of the annulus, creating a vacuum
underneath it and reducing wellbore pressure. When this pressure reduction occurs, it may allow an
influx of reservoir fluids
Standpipe - correct answer ✔✔Vertical pipe along the side of the derrick, connects the pumps to the
kelly hose. This is where most surface pressures are measured
Geronimo line - correct answer ✔✔the escape line from the monkey board to the ground. The allows
the derrickman to evacuate the monkey board. Similar to a zip line
Deadman/deadline anchor - correct answer ✔✔where the drilling line is anchored on the rig. From here,
the drilling line runs through the crown and travelling blocks and is spooled on the drawworks drum. The
hookload measurement is taken from sensors mounted on the drilling line at this point
Jars - correct answer ✔✔a downhole tool that is used to get the drillstring or a fish unstuck. It uses the
kinetic energy stored in a slowly stretched or slowly downward moving drillstring to apply a sudden
impact force to the fish. This sudden force will hopefully free the fish. Drilling _____ are run while drilling
as a preventative tool and fishing _____ are run after being stuck. Typically fishing jars are capable of
greater impact forces
Packed off - correct answer ✔✔When cuttings build up and/or the wellbore collapse around the
drillpipe. Due to the inability to pump and remove cuttings, the problem may get even worse. Improperly
handled _____ will lead to stuck pipe.
Two things that typically happen when a well is packed off - correct answer ✔✔1: the drillstring will be
difficult or unable to move
2: fluid will be unable to flow up the annulus
, Keyseat - correct answer ✔✔occurs in high DLS area of the wellbore or a ledged area. A channel or seat
will be worn were the drillstring rests on the wellbore wall and rotates/moves. This area will be the size
of the drillpipe
Differential sticking - correct answer ✔✔occurs in the open hole, typically where a permeable formation
(sand) exists. In order for it to occur, the pressure in the wellbore is higher than the pressure in the
formation and the drillstring is up against the well and in the filter cake. A force equal to the pressure
difference times the surface area against the hole wall/filter cake will result. The direction of this force is
into the hole wall and thus resists any upward OR downward movemtn. Solutions include jarring to
increase up or down force and decreasing the density of the fluid the wellbore to decrease the sticking
force.
Freepoint tool or log - correct answer ✔✔A way of determining at what depth a drillstring is stuck. The
tool run to various depth, the top and bottom of the tool are anchored to the inside of the drillstring or
casing and then the drillstring or casing is pulled upwards. A strain gauge in the ________ will tell
whether drillstring stretched or didnt move. After several measurements you should be able to tell
where you are stuck and should begin your fishing operations
Overshot (fishing) - correct answer ✔✔a downhole tool used in fishing operations to engage on the
outside surface of a tube or tool. A graple, or similar slip mechanism, on the ________ grips the fish,
allowing application of tensile force and jarring action
Junk Basket - correct answer ✔✔a fishing tool that is run in the well to retrieve junk, debris, etc. There
are many types ranging from very simple to more complex. The most common ______ used today relies
on venture flow to pull the debris into the tool while circulating on the bottom. This tool is run when
milling or drilling up the debris is inadvisable or not possible.
Whipstock - correct answer ✔✔simply a hardened steel wedge or ramp which forces the bit or mill to
the side of the hole and makes it deviated from the original wellbore path. Come in many types for uses
in openhole and cased hole, multiple hole sizes, setting and releasing mechanisms, etc.
Inclination - correct answer ✔✔In directional drilling the term refers to the deviation (in degrees) from
vertical. This can be fro TD (total deviation from vertical) or a point to point reference (change between
two points)
Surge - correct answer ✔✔_____ pressures occur when running in the hole. There is not enough space
around the bit and BHA for fluid to flow past as it is displaced. Instead fluid will be forced downward into
the formation
Swab - correct answer ✔✔Similar to surge except opposite in effect. If a drillstring or casing string is
pulled out of the hole too rapidly, it may displace or pull fluids out of the annulus, creating a vacuum
underneath it and reducing wellbore pressure. When this pressure reduction occurs, it may allow an
influx of reservoir fluids
Standpipe - correct answer ✔✔Vertical pipe along the side of the derrick, connects the pumps to the
kelly hose. This is where most surface pressures are measured
Geronimo line - correct answer ✔✔the escape line from the monkey board to the ground. The allows
the derrickman to evacuate the monkey board. Similar to a zip line
Deadman/deadline anchor - correct answer ✔✔where the drilling line is anchored on the rig. From here,
the drilling line runs through the crown and travelling blocks and is spooled on the drawworks drum. The
hookload measurement is taken from sensors mounted on the drilling line at this point
Jars - correct answer ✔✔a downhole tool that is used to get the drillstring or a fish unstuck. It uses the
kinetic energy stored in a slowly stretched or slowly downward moving drillstring to apply a sudden
impact force to the fish. This sudden force will hopefully free the fish. Drilling _____ are run while drilling
as a preventative tool and fishing _____ are run after being stuck. Typically fishing jars are capable of
greater impact forces
Packed off - correct answer ✔✔When cuttings build up and/or the wellbore collapse around the
drillpipe. Due to the inability to pump and remove cuttings, the problem may get even worse. Improperly
handled _____ will lead to stuck pipe.
Two things that typically happen when a well is packed off - correct answer ✔✔1: the drillstring will be
difficult or unable to move
2: fluid will be unable to flow up the annulus
, Keyseat - correct answer ✔✔occurs in high DLS area of the wellbore or a ledged area. A channel or seat
will be worn were the drillstring rests on the wellbore wall and rotates/moves. This area will be the size
of the drillpipe
Differential sticking - correct answer ✔✔occurs in the open hole, typically where a permeable formation
(sand) exists. In order for it to occur, the pressure in the wellbore is higher than the pressure in the
formation and the drillstring is up against the well and in the filter cake. A force equal to the pressure
difference times the surface area against the hole wall/filter cake will result. The direction of this force is
into the hole wall and thus resists any upward OR downward movemtn. Solutions include jarring to
increase up or down force and decreasing the density of the fluid the wellbore to decrease the sticking
force.
Freepoint tool or log - correct answer ✔✔A way of determining at what depth a drillstring is stuck. The
tool run to various depth, the top and bottom of the tool are anchored to the inside of the drillstring or
casing and then the drillstring or casing is pulled upwards. A strain gauge in the ________ will tell
whether drillstring stretched or didnt move. After several measurements you should be able to tell
where you are stuck and should begin your fishing operations
Overshot (fishing) - correct answer ✔✔a downhole tool used in fishing operations to engage on the
outside surface of a tube or tool. A graple, or similar slip mechanism, on the ________ grips the fish,
allowing application of tensile force and jarring action
Junk Basket - correct answer ✔✔a fishing tool that is run in the well to retrieve junk, debris, etc. There
are many types ranging from very simple to more complex. The most common ______ used today relies
on venture flow to pull the debris into the tool while circulating on the bottom. This tool is run when
milling or drilling up the debris is inadvisable or not possible.
Whipstock - correct answer ✔✔simply a hardened steel wedge or ramp which forces the bit or mill to
the side of the hole and makes it deviated from the original wellbore path. Come in many types for uses
in openhole and cased hole, multiple hole sizes, setting and releasing mechanisms, etc.
Inclination - correct answer ✔✔In directional drilling the term refers to the deviation (in degrees) from
vertical. This can be fro TD (total deviation from vertical) or a point to point reference (change between
two points)
