Hubs 1406 Study Questions with Correct
Answers
Nervous system feedback loop involves? - ✅✅ neurons / reflexes
Endocrine system feedback loop involves? - ✅✅ hormones
Exocrine - ✅✅ ducted gland
Endocrine - ✅✅ ductless gland
Endocrine system uses ___ which are sent to the ___ - ✅✅ hormones
Bloodstream
Hormones elicit - ✅✅ particular responses in target tissues
Hormones are ___ & ___ lasting - ✅✅ slower
Longer-lasting
Hormone - ✅✅ A chemical substance formed in an endocrine organ (gland) and
carried in the blood to regulate and coordinate cellular and bodily functions
What kind of chemicals are hormones? - ✅✅ protein, peptide, amine - amino
acid based
Or steroid - lipid based
Function of insulin - ✅✅ decrease blood glucose
Function of glucagon - ✅✅ increases blood glucose levels
Hormones of pancreas - ✅✅ insulin & glucagon
How does parathyroid hormone regulate plasma calcium levels? - ✅✅ plasma
calcium falls -> parathyroid hormone secretion increased -> calcium removed from
bone & released into bloodstream, calcium excretion by kidney reduced, vit. D
production increased which leads to more calcium being absorbed by gut ->
plasma calcium levels increased to normal
,What does Parathryoid hormone increase? - ✅✅ plasma calcium levels
Too much parathryoid hormone - ✅✅ too much plasma calcium
Leading to: salt & pepper skull, bone resorption, kidney stones, calcium deposit in
lungs
Aldosterone function - ✅✅ causes kidneys to retain sodium to increase blood
pressure, water retention
Too much aldosterone - ✅✅ High blood pressure, low blood levels of potassium
and an abnormal increase in blood volume.
Structure of skin - ✅✅ epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
Burns - 3 degrees - ✅✅ partial thickness - superficial, epidermis, 1
Partial thickness- deep, epidermis & 1st half of dermis, 2
Full thickness - epidermis & all dermis, 3
3 functions of skin - ✅✅ protection
Temp regulation
Sensation
Skin sensory receptors found in - ✅✅ dermis layer
Body tissue types - ✅✅ nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective
Nervous tissue function - ✅✅ regulates and controls body functions and activity
Muscle tissue function - ✅✅ movement, maintenance of posture, joint
stabilization, heat generation
Epithelial tissue function - ✅✅ protection, absorption, filtration, secretion,
excretion
Connective tissue function - ✅✅ bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat,
produce blood cells
, Skeletal muscle function - ✅✅ breathe, maintain posture, move, speak, make
facial expressions
Muscles work by - ✅✅ shortening, contraction
Skeletal muscle contracts in response to - ✅✅ activation of the nervous system
Contraction caused by - ✅✅ neurotransmitters released by the nerve activates a
cascade of events in each muscle fibre
Skeletal muscle control type - ✅✅ conscious
Skeletal muscle made up of - ✅✅ muscle cell / fibres
Muscle cell/fibres made up of - ✅✅ myofibrils
Myofibrils made up of - ✅✅ myofilaments
Thick myofilaments - ✅✅ myosin
Thin myofilaments - ✅✅ actin
Triggers muscle contraction - ✅✅ calcium released by sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle shapes - ✅✅ fusiform, parallel, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate,
circular, convergent
Fusiform muscle function - ✅✅ muscle belly arranged parallel
Greatest degree of shortening- quick and wide range of motion
Parallel muscle function - ✅✅ fascicles that run parallel to one another
Parallel to the force generating axis, fast or extensive movements
Unipennate muscle - ✅✅ fascicles are all on the same side on the tendon
Oriented at one fiber angle to the force-generating axis
Bipennate muscle function - ✅✅ Muscles that have fibers on two sides of a
tendon
Answers
Nervous system feedback loop involves? - ✅✅ neurons / reflexes
Endocrine system feedback loop involves? - ✅✅ hormones
Exocrine - ✅✅ ducted gland
Endocrine - ✅✅ ductless gland
Endocrine system uses ___ which are sent to the ___ - ✅✅ hormones
Bloodstream
Hormones elicit - ✅✅ particular responses in target tissues
Hormones are ___ & ___ lasting - ✅✅ slower
Longer-lasting
Hormone - ✅✅ A chemical substance formed in an endocrine organ (gland) and
carried in the blood to regulate and coordinate cellular and bodily functions
What kind of chemicals are hormones? - ✅✅ protein, peptide, amine - amino
acid based
Or steroid - lipid based
Function of insulin - ✅✅ decrease blood glucose
Function of glucagon - ✅✅ increases blood glucose levels
Hormones of pancreas - ✅✅ insulin & glucagon
How does parathyroid hormone regulate plasma calcium levels? - ✅✅ plasma
calcium falls -> parathyroid hormone secretion increased -> calcium removed from
bone & released into bloodstream, calcium excretion by kidney reduced, vit. D
production increased which leads to more calcium being absorbed by gut ->
plasma calcium levels increased to normal
,What does Parathryoid hormone increase? - ✅✅ plasma calcium levels
Too much parathryoid hormone - ✅✅ too much plasma calcium
Leading to: salt & pepper skull, bone resorption, kidney stones, calcium deposit in
lungs
Aldosterone function - ✅✅ causes kidneys to retain sodium to increase blood
pressure, water retention
Too much aldosterone - ✅✅ High blood pressure, low blood levels of potassium
and an abnormal increase in blood volume.
Structure of skin - ✅✅ epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
Burns - 3 degrees - ✅✅ partial thickness - superficial, epidermis, 1
Partial thickness- deep, epidermis & 1st half of dermis, 2
Full thickness - epidermis & all dermis, 3
3 functions of skin - ✅✅ protection
Temp regulation
Sensation
Skin sensory receptors found in - ✅✅ dermis layer
Body tissue types - ✅✅ nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective
Nervous tissue function - ✅✅ regulates and controls body functions and activity
Muscle tissue function - ✅✅ movement, maintenance of posture, joint
stabilization, heat generation
Epithelial tissue function - ✅✅ protection, absorption, filtration, secretion,
excretion
Connective tissue function - ✅✅ bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat,
produce blood cells
, Skeletal muscle function - ✅✅ breathe, maintain posture, move, speak, make
facial expressions
Muscles work by - ✅✅ shortening, contraction
Skeletal muscle contracts in response to - ✅✅ activation of the nervous system
Contraction caused by - ✅✅ neurotransmitters released by the nerve activates a
cascade of events in each muscle fibre
Skeletal muscle control type - ✅✅ conscious
Skeletal muscle made up of - ✅✅ muscle cell / fibres
Muscle cell/fibres made up of - ✅✅ myofibrils
Myofibrils made up of - ✅✅ myofilaments
Thick myofilaments - ✅✅ myosin
Thin myofilaments - ✅✅ actin
Triggers muscle contraction - ✅✅ calcium released by sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle shapes - ✅✅ fusiform, parallel, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate,
circular, convergent
Fusiform muscle function - ✅✅ muscle belly arranged parallel
Greatest degree of shortening- quick and wide range of motion
Parallel muscle function - ✅✅ fascicles that run parallel to one another
Parallel to the force generating axis, fast or extensive movements
Unipennate muscle - ✅✅ fascicles are all on the same side on the tendon
Oriented at one fiber angle to the force-generating axis
Bipennate muscle function - ✅✅ Muscles that have fibers on two sides of a
tendon
