NURS 5334 Pharmacology Exam 2

What are the Ace inhibitor drugs - Captopril and lisinopril What is a cathartic drug - A laxative What is the Ace inhibitor ending - -pril What is the Ace inhibitors mechanism of action - Block ace production in the lungs to stop the conversion of Angiotensin 1 to 2 What do Ace inhibitors do - Treat hypertension What are the Arb drugs - Losartan What is the arb ending - -sartan What is the arb mechanism of action - Blacks angiotensin receptor site on the BV What do arbs treat - Hypertension What are the calcium channel blocker drugs - Diltiazem What is the calcium channel blocker ending - -dipine (most of the time) What is the calcium channel blocker mechanism of action - Decrease the workload of the heart by inhibiting Ca+ ions from crossing the membrane to stop contraction What does calcium channel blockers treat - Hypertension What are the vasodilator drugs - Hydralazine and minoxidil What is the vasodilator mechanism of action - Works directly on the muscle to stop contraction What does vasodilators treat - Hypertension What are the beta blocker drugs - Metoprolol, Bisprolol What is the beta blocker ending - -olol What is the beta blockers mechanism of action - Bind to adrenergic receptor sites to prevent the release of catecholamine and stop a sympathetic response What does beta blockers treat - Hypertension What do sympathetic adrenergic agents do - React with sympathetic nervous system to cause a stress response What do sympathetic adrenergic agents treat - Hypotension What do alpha-specific adrenergic agents do - Activate alpha receptors in arteries and veins to increase vascular tone and BP What do alpha-specific adrenergic agents treat - Hypotension What is our hypotension drug - Midodrine what do thiazide and thiazide diuretics end in - -thiazide What is the thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - Block Na+ and Cl- pumps so sodium is not reabsorbed therefore urine output is increased What are the thiazide diuretics drugs - Hydrochlorothiazine, chlorothiazine What do diuretics treat - Hypertension What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics - Work in the loop of Henley and therefore pulls the most fluid out of the body What are the loop diuretics drugs - Bumetanide, Furosemide What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors end in - -amide What is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors mechanism of action - Inhibits CA enzymes which is used to form sodium bicarbonate in kidneys What are the carbonic anhydrase drugs - Acetazolimide What is the mechanism of action for potassium-sparing diuretics - Cause Na+ decrease while maintaining K+ by blocking aldosterone in distal tube What are the potassium-sparing drugs - Spironolactone What is the osmotic diuretics mechanism of action - Increase particles which creates an osmotic gradient which pulls high volumes of water out What are the osmotic diuretics drug - Mannitol What are the anticoagulant drugs - Apixaban, Enoxaparin, Heparin, Warfrain What is the mechanism of action for anticoagulants - Blocks the clotting cascade (aka the last step in clotting) How does Enoxaparin and heparin stop clotting - Prevents fibrinogen 2 fibrin, and stops the fibrin from helping thrombin How does warfarin stop clotting - Inhibits potassium clotting factors How are heparin and warfarin administered - Heparin- Iv or subQ Warfarin- po Does heparin or warfarin cross the placenta - Warfarin does Which is rapid onset: warfarin or Heparin - Heparin Which drug last longer in the system: warfarin or Heparin - Warfarin Name the test that must be ran before administering Heparin and warfarin - Heparin- aPTT warfarin- PT What is the mechanism of action for antiplatelets - Sits on platelet receptors sites and changes the formation of the platelet plug What are the anti-platelet drugs - Aspirin, clopidogrel