Certified Brain Injury Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated Version Guaranteed Pass.

Once you've had one ABI, your risk for a second ABI is ____ - 3x greater After your 2nd ABI your risk of a third is____ - 8x greater What percentage of people with TBI contribute to injury related deaths - 30% What percentage of TBIs each year are mild - 75% How many people sustain a TBI? How many visit the ED? How many are hospitalized How many die? - 2.5 million 81% 16% 3% Who are most at risk for a TBI due to a fall? - Adults 65 years or older (60% of all TBIs) What rate of TBIs are due to a child falling? - Age 0-4: 50 % Which age group is most likely to die following a fall/TBI - Adults 75 years or older Which age group is likely to die from a TBI (ALL CAUSE) - Adults aged 75 or older Which age group is likely to die from a TBI (fire arm) - Adults 20-24 and Adults 75 or older Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse - Children 0-3 years old (67%) Age group for Highest Rates of TBI from Motor Vehicle Crashes - Adults 20-24 Age group for Highest Rates of TBI Related Death from Motor Vehicle Crashes - Adults 16-19 At any age which gender is more likely to die due to a TBI - Male Which percentage of women who experience domestic violence also had TBI symptoms? - 67% How many inmates report having a TBI and what rate is that compared to general population - 25-87% have TBIs and 8.5% of population What is the annual cost of TBI (medical/lost productivity) - 76.5 billion $ The BIAA estimates that only ___% of individuals have adequate funding for long term treatment - 5% Persons with TBI have a life expectancy reduction of how many years - 7 years People with TBI are at increased risk of death d/t the following conditions by what rate: Aspiration pneumonia ___ Seizures ___ Septicemia ___ Circulatory problems ___ - o Aspiration pneumonia - 49X o Seizures - 37X o Septicemia - 12X o Circulatory problems - 29X Persistent post-concussive syndrome occurs in how many people with mTBI - 10-15% Most people with mTBI will have symptom reduction in how many weeks - 2-4 weeks A person will require how many more calories than pre-injury and how long does it persist - 40% more calories. The more severe the brain injury the higher the calories What percentage of people experience oral phase problems - 65% What percentage of people experience pharyngeal phase problems - 73% Metabolic problems occur in what percentage of people - 30% People with TBI are how many times more likely to die of a seizure compared to general population - 37 times Post traumatic headaches is most prevalent in what severity of TBI - mild TBIs What percentage of mTBI pateints experience headaches - 75% What percentage of moderate - severe TBI report headaches - 22% What percentage of persons with TBI experience DVT - 54% Pulmonary Embolism is what leading cause of death in people with TBI - 3rd What percentage of people with TBI also have SCI - 60% How many people are living in a vegetative state in the U.S. - 4,200 How many people in the US have disorders of consciousness - 315,000 Autonomic dysfunction syndrome occurs in what percentage of people with TBIs - 15-33% What percentage of people experience fatigue and sleep disturbances - 32-73% Hearing deficits occur in what percentage of people with blast and nonblast injuries - Non-blast injuries: 44% Blast related injuries: 62% Hearing contributes to what cognitive issues: - Attention and memory What percentage of people with TBI have personality disorders - 23% What personality disorder is typically developed following TBI - Organic Personality Disorder What percentage of people 16 years and older were using drugs prior to injury - 12% What percentage of people were using alcohol prior to injury - 23% Which age are more likely to develop substance abuse disorder - 5 years old High risk drinking in men is defined as - 4 drinks in a day or 15 drinks/week High risk drinking in women is defined as - 3 drinks in a day or 7 drinks/week Institute of medicine found that disability was related to _____, _____, ____ changes rather than ____ changes - Cognitive, behavioral and personality changes, rather than physical changes Caregiver burden increases ____ - over time Caregiver burden relates to what issues - Cognitive and behavioral issues Individuals with TBI have social issues following injury due to - Unemployment, under employment, lack of residential options, limited social integration, and need fro supervision Institute of medicine found causal evidence between: - Penetrating TBI and ____ - Penetrating TBI and ____ - Moderate/Severe TBI and ____ - • Penetrating TBI and unprovoked seizures • Penetrating TBI and premature death • Moderate or severe TBI and unprovoked seizures Males with TBI outnumbers females ____ - 2:1 Battered women report high percentage rates of blows to the head at ___ - 92% Battered women report percentage rates of LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS at ___ - 40% What is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children/adolescents in US - Traumatic Brain injury Highest cause of injuries that relate to TBI for 0-4 year olds - Falls, Susceptible to Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby syndrome Highest cause of injuries that relate to TBI for 15-19 year olds - Struck by something, Falls, MVA Most brain maturation occurs... - birth to 5 years old What is the most common cause of TBI in children 0-5 years old - Abusive head trauma; more common boys to be victim Abusive Head Trauma is often committed by - caregiver in response to crying baby, tantrum, toilet training What percentage of children with Abusive Head Trauma have long term disability - 75-80% What percentage of children with Abusive Head Trauma have severe disability - 40% What percentage of children with Abusive Head Trauma die - 15-30% What percentage of children with Abusive Head Trauma have mild, moderate, severe injuries - 80% MILD 10% Moderate 10% Severe How many service members returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom had TBI/concussion - 22% How many service members following Operation Iraqi Freedom had persistent symptoms - 8% Most service members following operation iraqi freedom had injuries that were mild or concussive; 1. How many experienced mTBI 2. How many experience mTBI and PTSD - 1. 56% 2. 44% What percent of caregivers of individuals with TBI report burnout - 90% What is the employment rate post TBI - 10-40% An acquired brain injury (ABI) includes the following: a. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) b. Non-traumatic brain injury (nTBI) c. Open (penetrating) injuries d. Closed injuries e. All of the above - e. All of the above A mTBI has the following characteristics: a. LOC 24 hours b. Memory loss for the events after the trauma c. May or may not have LOC d. B & C e. B only - d. B & C How many people in the United States are estimated to be living with a brain injury? a. 2.5 million b. 6 million c. 13.5 million d. None e. 53,000 - a. 2.5 million What age group has a higher rate of death due to TBI (all causes)? a. Adults age 75+ b. Children age 0-4 c. Adults 16-19 d. Children age 0-3 e. None of the above - a. Adults age 75+ The Olmstead Decision (1999)... a. Only applies to children under 18 b. Used Title II of the ADA to assert that programs are to be provided in the least restrictive environment. c. Published guidelines for treatment and created reporting systems. d. Acknowledged the incidence and prevalence of TBI nationally e. Enables institutions to conduct research - b. Used Title II of the ADA to assert that programs are to be provided in the least restrictive environment. The following are neuroendocrine disorders are associated with TBI: a. Pituitary dysfunction b. Hypothyroidism c. Growth hormone deficiency d. A & C e. All of the above - e. All of the above What percentage of people experience persistent problems re: mTBI for longer than 2-4 weeks? a. 5% b. 10-15% c. 35% d. 50% e. 15 - 20% - b. 10-15% Persistent Post Concussive Symptoms (PPCS) risk factors include a. Over the age of 40 b. Female c. Traumatically injured d. History of substance abuse e. All of the above - e. All of the above What is second impact syndrome a. A common occurrence after mTBI b. A condition that only effects age 75+ c. A condition only relevant to mod/sev TBI d. A rare but possibly fatal condition that can occur if an athlete sustains another mTBI while still neurologically fragile. e. A condition that only effects children under the age of 18 - d. A rare but possibly fatal condition that can occur if an athlete sustains another mTBI while still neurologically fragile. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)... a. Is rare and progressive b. Is common and improves over time c. Involves Tau proteins and chronic inflammation d. A & C e. A only - d. A & C Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is... a. Produced and stored in the frontal lobe b. Produced and stored in the ventricles c. Circulates throughout the brain and spine d. B & C e. A & C - d. B & C A subdural hematoma occurs when... a. The pia mater molds to the sulci and gyri b. When there is a bleed above the duramater c. Only occurs when the meninges don't PAD the brain d. Never occurs e. When there is bleeding in the subdural space - e. When there is bleeding in the subdural space What is the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? a. A collection of glial cells b. High-density endothelial cells that line most capillaries that prevent harmful substances from entering the brain c. Non-communicating cells that support the neurons d. None of the above e. All of the above - b. High-density endothelial cells that line most capillaries that prevent harmful substances from entering the brain The following is true about neurons a. They communicate with each other via synapses b. Myelination speeds the transmissions of signals c. The junction between neurons is called a synapse d. A Only e. A, B, & C - e. A, B, & C What part of the brain is a collection of nerve fibers and nuclei within the brainstem that modulates arousal, alertness, concentration, and basic biological rhythms? a. Corpus callosum b. Cerebellum c. Reticular Activating System d. Pre frontal cortex e. The meninges - c. Reticular Activating System What part of the brain is very susceptible to anoxia/hypoxia? a. Hippocampus b. Amygdala c. Basal Ganglia d. Cerebellum e. Cerebrum - a. Hippocampus Which lobe of the brain functions include memory, language, and hearing? a. Frontal b. Temporal c. Occipital d. Pre Frontal Cortex e. Parietal - b. Temporal Which best describes Brown-Sequard Syndrome? a. Strength but no sense of where limbs are in space below the level of the injury b. Presents as weakness and numbness in arms and if often accompanied by bowel and/or bladder incontinence c. Includes loss of muscle control and pain and temperature sensation but no loss of proprioception and touch sensation below the level of the lesion d. Paralysis and loss of touch sensation on the side of the injury and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side. e. None of the above - d. Paralysis and loss of touch sensation on the side of the injury and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side.