HH3- GI DISORDERS
1. what are some special diets that are frequently seen in patients?: - vegetar- ian
- vegan
- pescatarian
- halal
- no pork
2. which deficiency is most common in vegetarians and vegans?: B12- vital to nerve and blood cell health.
3. what impact can culture have on diet?: - foods that are acceptable to eat
- social eating habits
- how food is prepared
4. what is the definition of malnutrition?: deficit, excess, or imbalance of nutrients
5. how can a nurse assess nutritional intake?: - 24hr recall (food diary)
- food frequency questionnaire
- direct observation
- lab studies
6. which lab studies might indicate malnutrition?: - CBC and lymphocytes (de- crease in malnutrition)
- electrolytes and liver enzymes
- albumin levels
7. why are older adults at higher risk for malnutrition?: smaller appetite, issues chewing and swallowing, limited
income, social isolation, functional limitations
8. what is obesity?: an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells in visceral and subcutaneous tissues of the
body. there is an imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake
9. what BMI is classified as obese?: >30kg/m2
10.what is metabolic syndrome?: collection of risk factors that increase an indi- viduals chance of developing CV
disease and diabetes.
11.what are the main risk factors for metabolic syndrome?: - visceral fat (obe- sity)
- insulin resistance
12.what is the first line intervention for metabolic syndrome?: lifestyle changes and health teaching
13.what is included in nursing assessment for metabolic syndrome?: - time of obesity onset
- rule out other diseases
- medications
- objective assessment: height, weight, BMI, waist
1/
15
, HH3- GI DISORDERS
14.what are some drug therapy treatment options for obese clients?: - nutrient absorption blocking drugs
- appetite suppressant drugs or energy expendature drugs are not approved for weight loss in canada, but they are
used.
15.what is the function of nutrient absorption-blocking drugs?: they block fat breakdown and absorption in the
intestine, undigested fat is then excreted in the feces.
16.what are some perioperative considerations for obese patients?: - high risk for wound infection, skin
preparation is important.
- patients can desat quickly, proper DBC is required.
17.why are obese patients at an increased risk for skin/wound infections?: -
bacteria likes to grow in warm, dark, and moist environments, such as skin folds.
18.what are some postoperative care considerations for obese patients?: - use proper bariatric equipment
- ensure stable airway at all times
- HOB at 35-40degree angle
- early ambulation is essential
19.dysphagia increases a patients risk for which conditions?: - malnutrition
- dehydration
- choking
- aspiration
- respiratory infections
- death
20.what are some indicators of dysphagia?: - difficult or painful chewing and swallowing
- drooling, coughing, choking
- horse, wet voice after eating/drinking
21.what is the most common intervention for patients with dysphagia?: SLP assessment, change in food textures
and fluid consistency to meet client needs
22.what is enteral nutrition?: tube feeds
23.what are some complications of tube feedings?: - aspiration
- infection
- bowel changes
24.what is parenteral nutrition?: formula composed of calories, protein, elec- trolytes, vitamins, and trace elements
that is administered into the venous system.
25.why does parenteral nutrition need to be given through a central or periph- eral line?: it is highly irritating to
the veins
2/
15
1. what are some special diets that are frequently seen in patients?: - vegetar- ian
- vegan
- pescatarian
- halal
- no pork
2. which deficiency is most common in vegetarians and vegans?: B12- vital to nerve and blood cell health.
3. what impact can culture have on diet?: - foods that are acceptable to eat
- social eating habits
- how food is prepared
4. what is the definition of malnutrition?: deficit, excess, or imbalance of nutrients
5. how can a nurse assess nutritional intake?: - 24hr recall (food diary)
- food frequency questionnaire
- direct observation
- lab studies
6. which lab studies might indicate malnutrition?: - CBC and lymphocytes (de- crease in malnutrition)
- electrolytes and liver enzymes
- albumin levels
7. why are older adults at higher risk for malnutrition?: smaller appetite, issues chewing and swallowing, limited
income, social isolation, functional limitations
8. what is obesity?: an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells in visceral and subcutaneous tissues of the
body. there is an imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake
9. what BMI is classified as obese?: >30kg/m2
10.what is metabolic syndrome?: collection of risk factors that increase an indi- viduals chance of developing CV
disease and diabetes.
11.what are the main risk factors for metabolic syndrome?: - visceral fat (obe- sity)
- insulin resistance
12.what is the first line intervention for metabolic syndrome?: lifestyle changes and health teaching
13.what is included in nursing assessment for metabolic syndrome?: - time of obesity onset
- rule out other diseases
- medications
- objective assessment: height, weight, BMI, waist
1/
15
, HH3- GI DISORDERS
14.what are some drug therapy treatment options for obese clients?: - nutrient absorption blocking drugs
- appetite suppressant drugs or energy expendature drugs are not approved for weight loss in canada, but they are
used.
15.what is the function of nutrient absorption-blocking drugs?: they block fat breakdown and absorption in the
intestine, undigested fat is then excreted in the feces.
16.what are some perioperative considerations for obese patients?: - high risk for wound infection, skin
preparation is important.
- patients can desat quickly, proper DBC is required.
17.why are obese patients at an increased risk for skin/wound infections?: -
bacteria likes to grow in warm, dark, and moist environments, such as skin folds.
18.what are some postoperative care considerations for obese patients?: - use proper bariatric equipment
- ensure stable airway at all times
- HOB at 35-40degree angle
- early ambulation is essential
19.dysphagia increases a patients risk for which conditions?: - malnutrition
- dehydration
- choking
- aspiration
- respiratory infections
- death
20.what are some indicators of dysphagia?: - difficult or painful chewing and swallowing
- drooling, coughing, choking
- horse, wet voice after eating/drinking
21.what is the most common intervention for patients with dysphagia?: SLP assessment, change in food textures
and fluid consistency to meet client needs
22.what is enteral nutrition?: tube feeds
23.what are some complications of tube feedings?: - aspiration
- infection
- bowel changes
24.what is parenteral nutrition?: formula composed of calories, protein, elec- trolytes, vitamins, and trace elements
that is administered into the venous system.
25.why does parenteral nutrition need to be given through a central or periph- eral line?: it is highly irritating to
the veins
2/
15
