HH3- FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
1. what % of the body is made up of water?: 50-60%
2. what should daily intake and output be?: 2-3L a day
3. Dehydration: fluid imbalance where the body lacks enough fluid
4. Signs of dehydration: What are some cardiovascular symptoms?: Tachycar- dia and low blood pressure
5. Signs of dehydration: What are some skin and mucous membrane symp- toms?: Poor skin turgor and dry
mucous membranes
6. Signs of dehydration: What are some urinary symptoms?: Low urine output, foul smelling, dark urine
7. Signs of dehydration: What are some laboratory findings?: Increased BUN
8. Signs of dehydration: What is a common behavioral symptom?: Irritability
9. osmosis: movement of water between fluid compartments separated by a semi- permeable membrane. water moves
from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
10.Osmolity: the measurement of particles within a solution
11. Hypotonic IV solution: effect on the cells: there is a lower solute concentration in this solution than in the
cells. This causes the water to enter the cells causing them to swell (recall osmosis).
12.Hypotonic IV solution: examples: - 0.45% NS
- 0.225% NS
- 0.33% NS
13.Hypotonic IV solution: indications: indicated in conditions that cause cellular dehydration, such as diabetic
ketoacidosis
14.Hypotonic IV solutions: contraindications: - increased cranial pressure: hy- potonic solution will further
increase pressure by causes the cells to swell
- burns/trauma
15.Isotonic IV solutions: effect on the cells: solute level in the solution is equal to the solute level of the blood,
there is NO fluid exchange.
16.Isotonic IV Solutions: examples: - NS: contains no electrolytes, used to re- place lost extracellular fluid.
- LR: contains electrolytes
17.Hypertonic IV Solutions: effect on cells: causes cells to shrink due to the high osmolity of the solution. the fluid
leaves the cell and enters the extracellular fluid
18.Hypertonic IV Solutions: Examples: - 3% saline
- D5W
- D10W
19.Hypertonic IV Solutions: indications: - cerebral edema
- conditions where the cells are swollen
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, HH3- FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
20.which IV solution is the most high risk?: hypertonic IV solution. can cause pulmonary edema or fluid
overload. severely irritating to the veins.
21.what is the normal range of sodium in the body?: 135-145mEg/L
22.what are the functions of sodium in the body?: - fluid balance
- generation and transmission of nerve impulses
23.How is sodium excreted?: sodium is excreted in urine, sweat, and feces
24.What are some causes of hypernatremia related to water balance?: water loss, diabetes insipidus, heatstroke
25.What are some causes of hypernatremia related to sodium balance?: hy- pertonic solutions without enough
water, sodium intake
26.Hypernatremia: clinical manifestations: - intense thirst, dry and swollen tongue
- restlessness, agitation, twitching
- seizure, coma
27.Hypernatremia: nursing interventions: - if caused by water loss: encourage PO fluids
- if caused by sodium excess: IV (D5W) solution.
-diuretics
- monitor intake and output
- monitor lab values
- monitor behavioural changes
- restrict dietary sodium
28.hyponatremia: causes: - GI fluid loss
- skin loss (burns, wounds, drainage)
- excessive renal excretion
- water gain: heart failure, excess hypotonic solution or water intake
29.hyponatremia: clinical manifestations: - weakness, confusion, n.v
- tremors or spasms
- seizures, coma
30.hyponatremia: nursing interventions: - fluid restriction
- IV fluid with sodium
- i+o monitoring
- monitor lab values
31.what are the normal levels of potassium?: 3.5-5mEq/L
32.what are the functions of potassium?: - conduction of electrical impulses
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1. what % of the body is made up of water?: 50-60%
2. what should daily intake and output be?: 2-3L a day
3. Dehydration: fluid imbalance where the body lacks enough fluid
4. Signs of dehydration: What are some cardiovascular symptoms?: Tachycar- dia and low blood pressure
5. Signs of dehydration: What are some skin and mucous membrane symp- toms?: Poor skin turgor and dry
mucous membranes
6. Signs of dehydration: What are some urinary symptoms?: Low urine output, foul smelling, dark urine
7. Signs of dehydration: What are some laboratory findings?: Increased BUN
8. Signs of dehydration: What is a common behavioral symptom?: Irritability
9. osmosis: movement of water between fluid compartments separated by a semi- permeable membrane. water moves
from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
10.Osmolity: the measurement of particles within a solution
11. Hypotonic IV solution: effect on the cells: there is a lower solute concentration in this solution than in the
cells. This causes the water to enter the cells causing them to swell (recall osmosis).
12.Hypotonic IV solution: examples: - 0.45% NS
- 0.225% NS
- 0.33% NS
13.Hypotonic IV solution: indications: indicated in conditions that cause cellular dehydration, such as diabetic
ketoacidosis
14.Hypotonic IV solutions: contraindications: - increased cranial pressure: hy- potonic solution will further
increase pressure by causes the cells to swell
- burns/trauma
15.Isotonic IV solutions: effect on the cells: solute level in the solution is equal to the solute level of the blood,
there is NO fluid exchange.
16.Isotonic IV Solutions: examples: - NS: contains no electrolytes, used to re- place lost extracellular fluid.
- LR: contains electrolytes
17.Hypertonic IV Solutions: effect on cells: causes cells to shrink due to the high osmolity of the solution. the fluid
leaves the cell and enters the extracellular fluid
18.Hypertonic IV Solutions: Examples: - 3% saline
- D5W
- D10W
19.Hypertonic IV Solutions: indications: - cerebral edema
- conditions where the cells are swollen
1/
13
, HH3- FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
20.which IV solution is the most high risk?: hypertonic IV solution. can cause pulmonary edema or fluid
overload. severely irritating to the veins.
21.what is the normal range of sodium in the body?: 135-145mEg/L
22.what are the functions of sodium in the body?: - fluid balance
- generation and transmission of nerve impulses
23.How is sodium excreted?: sodium is excreted in urine, sweat, and feces
24.What are some causes of hypernatremia related to water balance?: water loss, diabetes insipidus, heatstroke
25.What are some causes of hypernatremia related to sodium balance?: hy- pertonic solutions without enough
water, sodium intake
26.Hypernatremia: clinical manifestations: - intense thirst, dry and swollen tongue
- restlessness, agitation, twitching
- seizure, coma
27.Hypernatremia: nursing interventions: - if caused by water loss: encourage PO fluids
- if caused by sodium excess: IV (D5W) solution.
-diuretics
- monitor intake and output
- monitor lab values
- monitor behavioural changes
- restrict dietary sodium
28.hyponatremia: causes: - GI fluid loss
- skin loss (burns, wounds, drainage)
- excessive renal excretion
- water gain: heart failure, excess hypotonic solution or water intake
29.hyponatremia: clinical manifestations: - weakness, confusion, n.v
- tremors or spasms
- seizures, coma
30.hyponatremia: nursing interventions: - fluid restriction
- IV fluid with sodium
- i+o monitoring
- monitor lab values
31.what are the normal levels of potassium?: 3.5-5mEq/L
32.what are the functions of potassium?: - conduction of electrical impulses
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