2025 Update|CSCT PREP EXAM |
LATEST|COMPLETE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Premature Atrial Complex (PAC) - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal (non-sinus) P wave
is followed by a QRS complex
-can hide in preceding T wave
Atrial Fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER--irregularly irregular rhythm
-no P waves
-absence of an isoelectric baseline
-variable ventricular rate
-QRS complexes usually <120ms
-coarse or fine fibrillary waves
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER--HR>100bpm (usually 100-
150bpm; may be as high as 250bpm)
-Irregularly irregular rhythm w/ varying PP, PR, RR intervals
-3 distinct P-wave morphologies in the same lead
-Isoelectric baseline b/w P-waves (no flutter waves)
-not just a sinus rhythm w/ frequent PACs
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER--atrial tachycardia that begins &
ends abruptly
-P wave abnormal in comparison to sinus P wave
-atrial rate >100bpm
-3 consecutive identical ectopic p waves
-QRS usually normal unless pre-existing bundle branch
-isoelectric baseline
Atrial Flutter - CORRECT ANSWER--narrow complex tachycardia
-regular atrial activity at ~300bpm
-flutter waves (saw-tooth) best seen in leads II, III, aVF
-loss of isoelectric baseline
, Ashman's Phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER--type of beat w/ a wide QRS complex,
typically mimicking RBBB
-typically appears during atrial fibrillation
-often mistaken for PVCs
-follow a short R-R interval and are preceded by a long R-R interval
-aberrantly conducted complex that originates above the AV node rather than
originating in the right or left ventricle
Aberrancy - CORRECT ANSWER-
Junctional Escape Rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER--junctional rhythm w/ a rate of 40-
60bpm
-QRS complexes are typically narrow (<120ms)
-no relationship b/w QRS complexes and any preceding atrial activity
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER--rate will be 60-100bpm
-occurs when the rate of an AV junctional pacemaker exceeds that of the sinus node
-arises when there is increased automaticity in the AV node coupled w/ decreased
automaticity in the sinus node
-retrograde P waves may be present and can appear before, during or after the QRS
complex
Junctional Bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-junctional rhythm at a rate of <40bpm
Junctional Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-junctional rhythm at a rate of >100bpm
Premature Junctional Complex - CORRECT ANSWER--a premature beat arising from
an ectopic focus within the AV junction
-narrow QRS complex, either without a preceding P wave or preceded by an abnormal
P wave w/ a PR interval of <120ms (look for inverted P waves in leads II, III, aVF)
-occurs sooner than would be expected for the next sinus impulse
-followed by compensatory pause
Clopidogrel (Plavix) - CORRECT ANSWER--antiplatelet drug
-used to prevent heart attacks & strokes in persons w/ heart disease, recent stroke, or
blood circulation disease
-frequently used w/ aspirin to treat new/worsening CP & prevent blood clots after certain
procedures
Warfarin (Coumadin) - CORRECT ANSWER--anticoagulant
-used to decrease tendency for thrombosis or to prevent further episodes in those who
have already had a blood clot
-think afib **
Aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER-
LATEST|COMPLETE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Premature Atrial Complex (PAC) - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal (non-sinus) P wave
is followed by a QRS complex
-can hide in preceding T wave
Atrial Fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER--irregularly irregular rhythm
-no P waves
-absence of an isoelectric baseline
-variable ventricular rate
-QRS complexes usually <120ms
-coarse or fine fibrillary waves
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER--HR>100bpm (usually 100-
150bpm; may be as high as 250bpm)
-Irregularly irregular rhythm w/ varying PP, PR, RR intervals
-3 distinct P-wave morphologies in the same lead
-Isoelectric baseline b/w P-waves (no flutter waves)
-not just a sinus rhythm w/ frequent PACs
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER--atrial tachycardia that begins &
ends abruptly
-P wave abnormal in comparison to sinus P wave
-atrial rate >100bpm
-3 consecutive identical ectopic p waves
-QRS usually normal unless pre-existing bundle branch
-isoelectric baseline
Atrial Flutter - CORRECT ANSWER--narrow complex tachycardia
-regular atrial activity at ~300bpm
-flutter waves (saw-tooth) best seen in leads II, III, aVF
-loss of isoelectric baseline
, Ashman's Phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER--type of beat w/ a wide QRS complex,
typically mimicking RBBB
-typically appears during atrial fibrillation
-often mistaken for PVCs
-follow a short R-R interval and are preceded by a long R-R interval
-aberrantly conducted complex that originates above the AV node rather than
originating in the right or left ventricle
Aberrancy - CORRECT ANSWER-
Junctional Escape Rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER--junctional rhythm w/ a rate of 40-
60bpm
-QRS complexes are typically narrow (<120ms)
-no relationship b/w QRS complexes and any preceding atrial activity
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER--rate will be 60-100bpm
-occurs when the rate of an AV junctional pacemaker exceeds that of the sinus node
-arises when there is increased automaticity in the AV node coupled w/ decreased
automaticity in the sinus node
-retrograde P waves may be present and can appear before, during or after the QRS
complex
Junctional Bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-junctional rhythm at a rate of <40bpm
Junctional Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-junctional rhythm at a rate of >100bpm
Premature Junctional Complex - CORRECT ANSWER--a premature beat arising from
an ectopic focus within the AV junction
-narrow QRS complex, either without a preceding P wave or preceded by an abnormal
P wave w/ a PR interval of <120ms (look for inverted P waves in leads II, III, aVF)
-occurs sooner than would be expected for the next sinus impulse
-followed by compensatory pause
Clopidogrel (Plavix) - CORRECT ANSWER--antiplatelet drug
-used to prevent heart attacks & strokes in persons w/ heart disease, recent stroke, or
blood circulation disease
-frequently used w/ aspirin to treat new/worsening CP & prevent blood clots after certain
procedures
Warfarin (Coumadin) - CORRECT ANSWER--anticoagulant
-used to decrease tendency for thrombosis or to prevent further episodes in those who
have already had a blood clot
-think afib **
Aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER-
