Environmental Pollution and Sustainability
Abstract
Today, all over the world there is a great concern and worry as to what will become of the earth, considering
the inherent effect of the ever increasing environmental pollution that has adversely distorted the ecosystem,
thereby spurring but the international communities, the government, generation public, cooperate bodies,
policy makers, professionals and even politicians to take adequate measures aimed at addressing
environmental problems. This paper discussed on environmental pollution and sustainability. It presented
what our environment is made up, its ever-increasing problems and challenges facing our environment from
different perspective. The purpose of this paper is timely; with a consideration that due action is ripe for the
proper implementation of environmental planned strategies (Techniques) and tools for addressing
environmental menace in different part of the world, by different government, public and private sectors. The
obtained results in this paper are rich enough to provide adequate solutions to many environmental problems
in different parts of the world,
especially in African countries. The word “environment” may mean different thing to
different people. Scientifically, the Physical, environment is
Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Sustainability. different from social or economic. Environment means”
that which surround or that which envelop the earth and it
consist of the entire ecosystem. Scientifically, the four
spheres or division of the earth VIZ:- Lithosphere,
INTRODUCTION Hydrosphere Biosphere, and Atmosphere. This could be
broken to include the water body and life therein,
The arrival and reproduction of man on earth has caused landmass, forests, grassland, deserts, animals, man
a lot of impact and havoc on the Biosphere (environment) himself and all the interactions taken place among those
which supports life and sustains various human activities. group. Environment is also defined as the circumstances
Due to man unchecked actions, for example large scale surrounding or regions in which everything exist.
deforestation of forest for residential and agricultural land Everything external to the organism is included in it. It
uses has changed the habitat organism living in the forest.
The hunting of animal by man as led to the extraction of
certain animal species. Man has also developed new types also includes open field, mountains, forest, Deserts, snow,
of domesticated animals as well as plants to serve his own Seas, River, Lakes, Wells, Springs, Atmosphere
needs.
Etc
The rapid increase in activates today in many cities
without proper planning and control is the outcome of
slums that has penetrated in our physical environment. Environmental quality and its effects
This is evident particularly in housing sector, transport,
water supply, sanitation, power supply and even in Environment quality is a product of many factors that
employment sector. Those that are presently not employed reduce the quality of an environment from what it should
are equally polluting our environment by engaging be in the physical outfit. General factor such as land
themselves in different harmful activities (stealing, degradation, pollutions of water and Air, noise, Sanitation,
pollution, idleness, Etc.) since there is nothing to keep over pollution, slums, etc, usually reduced the quality of an
them busy always in the society. The problem of environment. Since environmental quality involves
environmental degradation and pollution of water, air, and standard, Samuel et al (2008) provided a simple approach
noise is always on high increase in many cities without for ensuring the quality of an environment with illustrative
proper check, which evidently has resulted in low standard sketch as shown above (figure 1) Samuel et al (2008) also
of living in many of our cities and town in Africa. added that the main concerned for the environment are the
following:-
DISCUSSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION i. How the Atmosphere, the rivers and the oceans are being
polluted ii. How people might be causing global warming.
iii. How people are destroying the world’s forests and other
Environment
wilderness areas.
, Environmental Q uality
2 J. Res. Environ. Sci. Toxicol.
water Sanitation Housing Waste disposal and
Drainage
Access to safe Access to Access to ACCESS TO
convenient and adequate health and Adequate waste
For water
adequate Sanitation Housing disposal and
Drainage
Declining what constitute safe water supply, health, housing and Adequate Sanitation
Figure 1. Showing different components of Environmental quality
iv. How people are endangering the survival of other relationship is complex. However, in many Africa countries,
species a conception system for understanding disease related to
v. How people are being careless with toxic (life- water and sanitation has been developed.
threatening) washes. (b) Water related infections:- water related disease
Research also added that the above measuring technique is one which is in same gross way related to water in the
is applicable in many countries of the world. In addition, the environment (Bodies of water) and the impurities within
account for environmental differences in many countries is water.
based on the following:- i. Climatic condition. ii. Transmission Route Of Water Related Infections
Topographic and fertility of the soil. iii. Availability of (water borne route)
industries Water borne transmission occurs when the pathogen is in
iv. Commercial centers and parks the water, which is infected by a person or animal which
may then become infected.
Diagram (c) Water-wash route:- Water wash disease is the
one whose transmission will reduce by an increase in the
Pollution and general view volume of water used for hygienic purpose irrespective of
the quality of that water.
Diseases Cause By Water- Washed route are numerous.
The urban environment is usually polluted by three major
An example of such are: Typhoid, Eholeva, Darrheas,
sources, VIZ, Water, Air, and Noise. The world
Ascarrasis, cholera, Dysentries, polio, infection Hepatitis,
development report of 1992 highlighted the general effect
bacillary, eye infection, craw-craw, house bone, fewer, etc.
of pollution on health. It also noted that the Tropical forest-
the primary source of livelihood for about 140 million (d) Water based route:- A water based disease is
people are being lost at the rate of 0.9% annually. The one in which the pathogen spend a part of its life cycle in a
above facts clearly speak for themselves about the water snail or other aquatic animal. The diseases are due
alarming rate and situation that many developing countries to infection by parasite worm which depends on aquatic
are facing, including Nigeria due to environmental intermediate hosts to complete their cycles.
Degradation. Diseases cause by water based Route: Diseases cause
by water based is as followed: Guinea worm,
Schishomiasis, paragommense, clonorchvasis, etc. (e)
Types of pollution within urban environment
Insect vector route:- This is spread by insect which lives
either in water or lives near water.
1. Water pollution: water become contaminated from Diseases cause by insect vector Route:- sleeping
disease bearing human wastes and also become polluted sickness, malaria, River blindness, filaviasis, mosquito
through industrial influent. The classification can also be bone, viruses-yellow fever etc.
in the order:-
(f) Excreta –Related infection: An excreta –related
infection is one which is related to human –excreta (i.e.
(a) Water communicable disease: infection related
to water supply and sanitation are many and their
Abstract
Today, all over the world there is a great concern and worry as to what will become of the earth, considering
the inherent effect of the ever increasing environmental pollution that has adversely distorted the ecosystem,
thereby spurring but the international communities, the government, generation public, cooperate bodies,
policy makers, professionals and even politicians to take adequate measures aimed at addressing
environmental problems. This paper discussed on environmental pollution and sustainability. It presented
what our environment is made up, its ever-increasing problems and challenges facing our environment from
different perspective. The purpose of this paper is timely; with a consideration that due action is ripe for the
proper implementation of environmental planned strategies (Techniques) and tools for addressing
environmental menace in different part of the world, by different government, public and private sectors. The
obtained results in this paper are rich enough to provide adequate solutions to many environmental problems
in different parts of the world,
especially in African countries. The word “environment” may mean different thing to
different people. Scientifically, the Physical, environment is
Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Sustainability. different from social or economic. Environment means”
that which surround or that which envelop the earth and it
consist of the entire ecosystem. Scientifically, the four
spheres or division of the earth VIZ:- Lithosphere,
INTRODUCTION Hydrosphere Biosphere, and Atmosphere. This could be
broken to include the water body and life therein,
The arrival and reproduction of man on earth has caused landmass, forests, grassland, deserts, animals, man
a lot of impact and havoc on the Biosphere (environment) himself and all the interactions taken place among those
which supports life and sustains various human activities. group. Environment is also defined as the circumstances
Due to man unchecked actions, for example large scale surrounding or regions in which everything exist.
deforestation of forest for residential and agricultural land Everything external to the organism is included in it. It
uses has changed the habitat organism living in the forest.
The hunting of animal by man as led to the extraction of
certain animal species. Man has also developed new types also includes open field, mountains, forest, Deserts, snow,
of domesticated animals as well as plants to serve his own Seas, River, Lakes, Wells, Springs, Atmosphere
needs.
Etc
The rapid increase in activates today in many cities
without proper planning and control is the outcome of
slums that has penetrated in our physical environment. Environmental quality and its effects
This is evident particularly in housing sector, transport,
water supply, sanitation, power supply and even in Environment quality is a product of many factors that
employment sector. Those that are presently not employed reduce the quality of an environment from what it should
are equally polluting our environment by engaging be in the physical outfit. General factor such as land
themselves in different harmful activities (stealing, degradation, pollutions of water and Air, noise, Sanitation,
pollution, idleness, Etc.) since there is nothing to keep over pollution, slums, etc, usually reduced the quality of an
them busy always in the society. The problem of environment. Since environmental quality involves
environmental degradation and pollution of water, air, and standard, Samuel et al (2008) provided a simple approach
noise is always on high increase in many cities without for ensuring the quality of an environment with illustrative
proper check, which evidently has resulted in low standard sketch as shown above (figure 1) Samuel et al (2008) also
of living in many of our cities and town in Africa. added that the main concerned for the environment are the
following:-
DISCUSSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION i. How the Atmosphere, the rivers and the oceans are being
polluted ii. How people might be causing global warming.
iii. How people are destroying the world’s forests and other
Environment
wilderness areas.
, Environmental Q uality
2 J. Res. Environ. Sci. Toxicol.
water Sanitation Housing Waste disposal and
Drainage
Access to safe Access to Access to ACCESS TO
convenient and adequate health and Adequate waste
For water
adequate Sanitation Housing disposal and
Drainage
Declining what constitute safe water supply, health, housing and Adequate Sanitation
Figure 1. Showing different components of Environmental quality
iv. How people are endangering the survival of other relationship is complex. However, in many Africa countries,
species a conception system for understanding disease related to
v. How people are being careless with toxic (life- water and sanitation has been developed.
threatening) washes. (b) Water related infections:- water related disease
Research also added that the above measuring technique is one which is in same gross way related to water in the
is applicable in many countries of the world. In addition, the environment (Bodies of water) and the impurities within
account for environmental differences in many countries is water.
based on the following:- i. Climatic condition. ii. Transmission Route Of Water Related Infections
Topographic and fertility of the soil. iii. Availability of (water borne route)
industries Water borne transmission occurs when the pathogen is in
iv. Commercial centers and parks the water, which is infected by a person or animal which
may then become infected.
Diagram (c) Water-wash route:- Water wash disease is the
one whose transmission will reduce by an increase in the
Pollution and general view volume of water used for hygienic purpose irrespective of
the quality of that water.
Diseases Cause By Water- Washed route are numerous.
The urban environment is usually polluted by three major
An example of such are: Typhoid, Eholeva, Darrheas,
sources, VIZ, Water, Air, and Noise. The world
Ascarrasis, cholera, Dysentries, polio, infection Hepatitis,
development report of 1992 highlighted the general effect
bacillary, eye infection, craw-craw, house bone, fewer, etc.
of pollution on health. It also noted that the Tropical forest-
the primary source of livelihood for about 140 million (d) Water based route:- A water based disease is
people are being lost at the rate of 0.9% annually. The one in which the pathogen spend a part of its life cycle in a
above facts clearly speak for themselves about the water snail or other aquatic animal. The diseases are due
alarming rate and situation that many developing countries to infection by parasite worm which depends on aquatic
are facing, including Nigeria due to environmental intermediate hosts to complete their cycles.
Degradation. Diseases cause by water based Route: Diseases cause
by water based is as followed: Guinea worm,
Schishomiasis, paragommense, clonorchvasis, etc. (e)
Types of pollution within urban environment
Insect vector route:- This is spread by insect which lives
either in water or lives near water.
1. Water pollution: water become contaminated from Diseases cause by insect vector Route:- sleeping
disease bearing human wastes and also become polluted sickness, malaria, River blindness, filaviasis, mosquito
through industrial influent. The classification can also be bone, viruses-yellow fever etc.
in the order:-
(f) Excreta –Related infection: An excreta –related
infection is one which is related to human –excreta (i.e.
(a) Water communicable disease: infection related
to water supply and sanitation are many and their
