Neural Communication (throughout entire body)
★ Dendrites: Receive incoming signals from other neurons
★ Cell body (soma): Acts as a life center & contains nucleus
(controls neuron, provides energy, contains genetic material)
★ Myelin sheath
○ protects axon (passes message) & speeds up messages
○ damaged → multiple sclerosis (slowed communication)
★ Terminal branches: Sends outgoing messages to other neurons
★ Action Potential (electrical charge) from presynaptic neuron
detected by dendrites → Neural impulse/action potential fired
throughout axon → Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters
(chemical messenger influencing behaviour & emotions) through
the synapse and bind with receptors on a postsynaptic neuron
Neurotransmitters
Affects Low Levels High Levels
Serotonin mood, hunger, sleep, Depression, anxiety Mania (talkativeness
and arousal and risky behaviors)
Dopamine motor control, emotion, Parkinson’s (Uncontrollable Schizophrenia (hear
attention & learning tremors, decreased mobility, voices, have
addictive behaviour) delusions)
Acetylcholine movement, learning & Alzheimer’s (learning & Physical Fatigue,
memory memory impairments) Anxiety
★ Agonist (drug): binds to a receptor and promotes a response like a neurotransmitter
★ Antagonist (drug): inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter
Nervous system (Coordinates and regulates bodily functions)
CNS (central) PNS (peripheral)
★ brain (control center) ★ nerves outside CNS that connect it to rest of the body
★ spinal cord (highway ★ Somatic NS: Controls voluntary muscle movements
1009) ★ Autonomic nervous system: Controls glands & muscles
★ Interneurons: in internal organs autonomously
communicate ○ Homeostasis (steady internal state) when
between neurons & Sympathetic NS (Arouses & expends energy)
works with Parasympathetic NS (conserves
brain and retention of energy as it calms us)
conclusions formed
Stimulus → Sensory Receptors → Sensory Neuron → Brain → Motor Neuron → Response
★ Dendrites: Receive incoming signals from other neurons
★ Cell body (soma): Acts as a life center & contains nucleus
(controls neuron, provides energy, contains genetic material)
★ Myelin sheath
○ protects axon (passes message) & speeds up messages
○ damaged → multiple sclerosis (slowed communication)
★ Terminal branches: Sends outgoing messages to other neurons
★ Action Potential (electrical charge) from presynaptic neuron
detected by dendrites → Neural impulse/action potential fired
throughout axon → Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters
(chemical messenger influencing behaviour & emotions) through
the synapse and bind with receptors on a postsynaptic neuron
Neurotransmitters
Affects Low Levels High Levels
Serotonin mood, hunger, sleep, Depression, anxiety Mania (talkativeness
and arousal and risky behaviors)
Dopamine motor control, emotion, Parkinson’s (Uncontrollable Schizophrenia (hear
attention & learning tremors, decreased mobility, voices, have
addictive behaviour) delusions)
Acetylcholine movement, learning & Alzheimer’s (learning & Physical Fatigue,
memory memory impairments) Anxiety
★ Agonist (drug): binds to a receptor and promotes a response like a neurotransmitter
★ Antagonist (drug): inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter
Nervous system (Coordinates and regulates bodily functions)
CNS (central) PNS (peripheral)
★ brain (control center) ★ nerves outside CNS that connect it to rest of the body
★ spinal cord (highway ★ Somatic NS: Controls voluntary muscle movements
1009) ★ Autonomic nervous system: Controls glands & muscles
★ Interneurons: in internal organs autonomously
communicate ○ Homeostasis (steady internal state) when
between neurons & Sympathetic NS (Arouses & expends energy)
works with Parasympathetic NS (conserves
brain and retention of energy as it calms us)
conclusions formed
Stimulus → Sensory Receptors → Sensory Neuron → Brain → Motor Neuron → Response
