CHANGES IN DRUG ACTION DURING they readily cross the
PREGNANCY: placenta).
1) Effect of circulating steroid 3) Degree of ionization of the
hormones on the liver’s metabolism drug molecule (the more
of drugs. ionized the molecule, the
less readily it crosses the
2) Reduced gastrointestinal motility and placenta).
increased gastric pH.
4) Degree of protein – binding
3) Increased glomerular filtration rate (highly bound drugs do not
and increased renal perfusion, cross readily).
resulting in more rapid renal
excretion of drugs. 5) Metabolic activity of the
placenta (the metabolic
4) Expanded maternal circulating blood activity can bio–transform
volume, resulting in dilution of drugs. molecules into active
metabolites that can affect
5) Alteration in the clearance of drugs the fetus).
in later pregnancy, resulting in a
decrease in serum and tissue 6) Maternal dose.
concentrations of drugs.
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AND USE OF
PLACENTA: HERBS IN PREGNANCY
- Once thought played a barrier
role. The most common indications for
- Organ of exchange for numerous use of drugs during pregnancy
substances, including drugs. are to supplement nutrition with iron,
vitamins, & minerals & to treat nausea and
PLACENTA: vomiting, gastric acidity, & mild discomforts;
- Allows some substances to transfer however, caution must be exercised.
quickly or slowly between the
mother and the fetus depending on IRON
variables such as: - During pregnancy, approximately
1) Maternal and fetal blood flow. twice the normal amount of iron is
needed to meet fetal and maternal
2) Molecular weight of the daily requirements: 27mg/ day
substance during pregnancy compared with
(low–molecular–weight 18 mg/day for non - pregnant
substances cross more women 19 – 30 years of age.
readily than do - The Centers for Disease Control
high–molecular–weight and Prevention (CDC) now
substances; most drugs have recommends starting a low –
a low molecular weight, so dose iron supplement such as
PREGNANCY: placenta).
1) Effect of circulating steroid 3) Degree of ionization of the
hormones on the liver’s metabolism drug molecule (the more
of drugs. ionized the molecule, the
less readily it crosses the
2) Reduced gastrointestinal motility and placenta).
increased gastric pH.
4) Degree of protein – binding
3) Increased glomerular filtration rate (highly bound drugs do not
and increased renal perfusion, cross readily).
resulting in more rapid renal
excretion of drugs. 5) Metabolic activity of the
placenta (the metabolic
4) Expanded maternal circulating blood activity can bio–transform
volume, resulting in dilution of drugs. molecules into active
metabolites that can affect
5) Alteration in the clearance of drugs the fetus).
in later pregnancy, resulting in a
decrease in serum and tissue 6) Maternal dose.
concentrations of drugs.
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AND USE OF
PLACENTA: HERBS IN PREGNANCY
- Once thought played a barrier
role. The most common indications for
- Organ of exchange for numerous use of drugs during pregnancy
substances, including drugs. are to supplement nutrition with iron,
vitamins, & minerals & to treat nausea and
PLACENTA: vomiting, gastric acidity, & mild discomforts;
- Allows some substances to transfer however, caution must be exercised.
quickly or slowly between the
mother and the fetus depending on IRON
variables such as: - During pregnancy, approximately
1) Maternal and fetal blood flow. twice the normal amount of iron is
needed to meet fetal and maternal
2) Molecular weight of the daily requirements: 27mg/ day
substance during pregnancy compared with
(low–molecular–weight 18 mg/day for non - pregnant
substances cross more women 19 – 30 years of age.
readily than do - The Centers for Disease Control
high–molecular–weight and Prevention (CDC) now
substances; most drugs have recommends starting a low –
a low molecular weight, so dose iron supplement such as
