Air Methods Critical Care Exam Questions With All
Correct Answers
Coopernail's Sign correct answer -bruising of the scrotum or labia
-indicating pelvic bleeding/ abdominal bleeding
-pelvic fx
Halstead's Sign correct answer -Marbled abdomen- bleeding
Cullen's sign correct answer -ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with
pancreatitis
Murphy's Sign correct answer -pain with palpation of the RUQ during
inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
Factors fetal well-being correct answer -1.) Viability (most important)
2.) Fetal Heart rate
3.) Fetal movement
PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) correct answer --Causes
increased pulmonary vascular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
steps in resuscitation of the neonate correct answer -Dry, warm, position
to open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and put)
Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec (40-60bpm)
reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if no response in 30 sec
Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec, then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or (preferably)
through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg NS
pulmonary contusion correct answer -Chest pain
,bruising over sternum
Progressive dyspnea
decreased breath sounds on one side
rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
ruptured diaphragm correct answer -abd contents herniate into the
thoracic cavity compressing the lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain radiating to L
shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung fields on injured side,
decreased breath sounds on injured side.
Tracheobronchial injury correct answer -1. hemoptysis
2. subcutaneous emphysema
3. air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after chest tube
placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
esophageal perforation correct answer --fever
-hematemesis
Fat embolus correct answer -can form when a long bone is fractured and
fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
Blood loss from humerus fracture correct answer -750 ml
blood loss from femur fracture correct answer -1500 ml
PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure) correct answer -- Looks at the
left side of the heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
, Adult ETT depth correct answer -3 x ETT size or average 19.23 cm
Peds ETT depth correct answer -10 + age in years (cm)
Neonate ETT depth correct answer -6 + wt in kg (cm)
Adjust vent to change Co2 correct answer -adjust rate and tidal volume
Adjust vent to change oxygenation correct answer -adjust PEEP, PAP
infant rule of nines correct answer -Head and neck - 21%
Each arm - 10%
chest/stomach - 13%
back - 13%
butt/genitals - 6%
each leg - 13.5%
Sodium Bicarbonate correct answer --acidosis
-drug choice for cyclic antidepressant OD
-KG/4 x base deficit = mEq needed
Digoxin correct answer --cardiac glycoside
-can cause hypokalemia
-inotropes
-pediatric dose: 0.1 mg/ml
-adult 0.25 mg/ml
treatment for fetal distress correct answer --Left lateral recumbent
position
-O2
-Correct contributing factors
-keep reassessing
CHF considerations correct answer --many are relatively hypovolemic
-be careful with diuretics
CVP catheter placement outside line markers correct answer -RA/CVP: 25-
30 cm
Correct Answers
Coopernail's Sign correct answer -bruising of the scrotum or labia
-indicating pelvic bleeding/ abdominal bleeding
-pelvic fx
Halstead's Sign correct answer -Marbled abdomen- bleeding
Cullen's sign correct answer -ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with
pancreatitis
Murphy's Sign correct answer -pain with palpation of the RUQ during
inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
Factors fetal well-being correct answer -1.) Viability (most important)
2.) Fetal Heart rate
3.) Fetal movement
PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) correct answer --Causes
increased pulmonary vascular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
steps in resuscitation of the neonate correct answer -Dry, warm, position
to open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and put)
Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec (40-60bpm)
reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if no response in 30 sec
Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec, then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or (preferably)
through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg NS
pulmonary contusion correct answer -Chest pain
,bruising over sternum
Progressive dyspnea
decreased breath sounds on one side
rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
ruptured diaphragm correct answer -abd contents herniate into the
thoracic cavity compressing the lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain radiating to L
shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung fields on injured side,
decreased breath sounds on injured side.
Tracheobronchial injury correct answer -1. hemoptysis
2. subcutaneous emphysema
3. air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after chest tube
placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
esophageal perforation correct answer --fever
-hematemesis
Fat embolus correct answer -can form when a long bone is fractured and
fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
Blood loss from humerus fracture correct answer -750 ml
blood loss from femur fracture correct answer -1500 ml
PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure) correct answer -- Looks at the
left side of the heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
, Adult ETT depth correct answer -3 x ETT size or average 19.23 cm
Peds ETT depth correct answer -10 + age in years (cm)
Neonate ETT depth correct answer -6 + wt in kg (cm)
Adjust vent to change Co2 correct answer -adjust rate and tidal volume
Adjust vent to change oxygenation correct answer -adjust PEEP, PAP
infant rule of nines correct answer -Head and neck - 21%
Each arm - 10%
chest/stomach - 13%
back - 13%
butt/genitals - 6%
each leg - 13.5%
Sodium Bicarbonate correct answer --acidosis
-drug choice for cyclic antidepressant OD
-KG/4 x base deficit = mEq needed
Digoxin correct answer --cardiac glycoside
-can cause hypokalemia
-inotropes
-pediatric dose: 0.1 mg/ml
-adult 0.25 mg/ml
treatment for fetal distress correct answer --Left lateral recumbent
position
-O2
-Correct contributing factors
-keep reassessing
CHF considerations correct answer --many are relatively hypovolemic
-be careful with diuretics
CVP catheter placement outside line markers correct answer -RA/CVP: 25-
30 cm
