CPH EXAM
autonomy - *answers *•Free from external influence over independent decision-making.
PH scenarios that defy autonomy:
-Mandatory vaccination
-Isolation - Separation of an infected person
-Quarantine - Detention of healthy persons exposed to contagious disease
4th Amendment - *answers *Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures (not
licensed businesses)
-can have random inspections in PH, scope is lower
Federalism - *answers *•Constitution establishes authority to enact laws, including
those pertaining to public health
Distribution of power between the individual states and the national government.
10th Amendment - *answers *•10th Amendment gives states all powers that are neither
given to the federal government nor prohibited by the Constitution
police powers - *answers *•States retain police powers to protect public's health
•Powers exercised by states to:
-Enact laws and promulgate regulations
-That are used to protect public and to promote the common good
Home rule authority - *answers *Gives local officials the ability to enact ordinances or
regulations that are specific to the community, not otherwise prohibited.
Public health laws - *answers *•Public health laws are the system of rules created for
the protection or promotion of community health.
-Congress passes laws
Public health regulations - *answers *•Regulations are the set of rules that describe the
implementation of legislation.
-FDA passes regulations
Privacy - *answers *•Freedom from intrusion; having control over the extent, timing,
and circumstances of sharing PHI.
security - *answers *•Practices, policies, and procedures created to protect a person's
PHI
Utilitarianism - *answers *-Promotes the goal of the "greatest good for the greatest
number"
,CPH EXAM
Communitarian - *answers *-Individuals inseparable from community life and no one
person and no one community can ever be completely self-determining.
Liberalism - *answers *-Focuses on individual rights and freedom to choose, seeks to
guarantee individual freedom without state infringement on personal choice.
Priority setting - *answers *-A component of health planning that involves the
community in decisions related to allocation of scarce resources.
Reciprocity - *answers *-Community input regarding decisions by listening and
speaking to the community.
Transparency - *answers *Not concealing information
public trust - *answers *-Avoid interventions that employ force or command without
reason
fidiciary duty - *answers *-Serving public in a way that maintains public's trust
Legislative branch - *answers *Makes laws (congress)
Executive branch - *answers *Implements laws- responsible for enforcing laws
Judicial Branch - *answers *Interprets the laws
parens patriae - *answers *State legal action on behalf of individuals who cannot
protect themselves, such as suspected victims of child neglect or elder abuse
PH Surveillance - *answers *acquisition, use, retention and transmission of data about
populations health that supports essential health functions of the PH system
civil commitment order - *answers *confines an individual in a medical facility for a
specific period of treatment
nuisance abatement - *answers *control or interference with community's use of public
space or public's common welfare (I.e. building codes, fire codes)
window of opportunity - *answers *The window of opportunity is open when there is a
favorable confluence of problems, possible solutions, and political circumstances
direct costs - *answers *costs that are incurred directly as the result of some specific
cost object
would not be incurred any longer if program were to disappear
indirect costs - *answers *costs incurred whether or not program is dicontinued
, CPH EXAM
variable costs - *answers *incurred only when resources are used to provide the
services of the program
fixed costs - *answers *costs incurred regardless of the volume of services provided
Gantt chart - *answers *A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning,
managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end.
-Task
-Who/Responsible
-Duration
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) - *answers *Plan
Do
Study
Act
cost-benefit analysis - *answers *quantifies tangible "soft" outcomes into a monetary
dollar amount
Cost-effectiveness analysis - *answers *measures program outcomes in similar units
across programs (light years saved) rather then trying to quantify outcome in numbers
Quantify all costs and outcomes to compare alternative interventions by measuring the
change in "cost per unit change in effect"
cost utility analysis - *answers *measures outcomes by using a standardized morbidity
or mortality measure, often a metric called a quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
benchmarking - *answers *performance measurement process in which you find
organizations that provide programs and services similar to yours and that are
considered "best in class" in their processes and outcomes in delivering them
Return on Investment (ROI) - *answers *financial ratio that is used to measure program
efficiency
economic evaluation - *answers *considers both costs and outcomes with costs in the
numerator and outcomes in the denominator
variance reports - *answers *monthly budget reports that compare the budgeted
revenues and expenses with the actual revenues and expenses for each line in the
budget
contribution margin - *answers *revenue - variable costs
autonomy - *answers *•Free from external influence over independent decision-making.
PH scenarios that defy autonomy:
-Mandatory vaccination
-Isolation - Separation of an infected person
-Quarantine - Detention of healthy persons exposed to contagious disease
4th Amendment - *answers *Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures (not
licensed businesses)
-can have random inspections in PH, scope is lower
Federalism - *answers *•Constitution establishes authority to enact laws, including
those pertaining to public health
Distribution of power between the individual states and the national government.
10th Amendment - *answers *•10th Amendment gives states all powers that are neither
given to the federal government nor prohibited by the Constitution
police powers - *answers *•States retain police powers to protect public's health
•Powers exercised by states to:
-Enact laws and promulgate regulations
-That are used to protect public and to promote the common good
Home rule authority - *answers *Gives local officials the ability to enact ordinances or
regulations that are specific to the community, not otherwise prohibited.
Public health laws - *answers *•Public health laws are the system of rules created for
the protection or promotion of community health.
-Congress passes laws
Public health regulations - *answers *•Regulations are the set of rules that describe the
implementation of legislation.
-FDA passes regulations
Privacy - *answers *•Freedom from intrusion; having control over the extent, timing,
and circumstances of sharing PHI.
security - *answers *•Practices, policies, and procedures created to protect a person's
PHI
Utilitarianism - *answers *-Promotes the goal of the "greatest good for the greatest
number"
,CPH EXAM
Communitarian - *answers *-Individuals inseparable from community life and no one
person and no one community can ever be completely self-determining.
Liberalism - *answers *-Focuses on individual rights and freedom to choose, seeks to
guarantee individual freedom without state infringement on personal choice.
Priority setting - *answers *-A component of health planning that involves the
community in decisions related to allocation of scarce resources.
Reciprocity - *answers *-Community input regarding decisions by listening and
speaking to the community.
Transparency - *answers *Not concealing information
public trust - *answers *-Avoid interventions that employ force or command without
reason
fidiciary duty - *answers *-Serving public in a way that maintains public's trust
Legislative branch - *answers *Makes laws (congress)
Executive branch - *answers *Implements laws- responsible for enforcing laws
Judicial Branch - *answers *Interprets the laws
parens patriae - *answers *State legal action on behalf of individuals who cannot
protect themselves, such as suspected victims of child neglect or elder abuse
PH Surveillance - *answers *acquisition, use, retention and transmission of data about
populations health that supports essential health functions of the PH system
civil commitment order - *answers *confines an individual in a medical facility for a
specific period of treatment
nuisance abatement - *answers *control or interference with community's use of public
space or public's common welfare (I.e. building codes, fire codes)
window of opportunity - *answers *The window of opportunity is open when there is a
favorable confluence of problems, possible solutions, and political circumstances
direct costs - *answers *costs that are incurred directly as the result of some specific
cost object
would not be incurred any longer if program were to disappear
indirect costs - *answers *costs incurred whether or not program is dicontinued
, CPH EXAM
variable costs - *answers *incurred only when resources are used to provide the
services of the program
fixed costs - *answers *costs incurred regardless of the volume of services provided
Gantt chart - *answers *A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning,
managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end.
-Task
-Who/Responsible
-Duration
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) - *answers *Plan
Do
Study
Act
cost-benefit analysis - *answers *quantifies tangible "soft" outcomes into a monetary
dollar amount
Cost-effectiveness analysis - *answers *measures program outcomes in similar units
across programs (light years saved) rather then trying to quantify outcome in numbers
Quantify all costs and outcomes to compare alternative interventions by measuring the
change in "cost per unit change in effect"
cost utility analysis - *answers *measures outcomes by using a standardized morbidity
or mortality measure, often a metric called a quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
benchmarking - *answers *performance measurement process in which you find
organizations that provide programs and services similar to yours and that are
considered "best in class" in their processes and outcomes in delivering them
Return on Investment (ROI) - *answers *financial ratio that is used to measure program
efficiency
economic evaluation - *answers *considers both costs and outcomes with costs in the
numerator and outcomes in the denominator
variance reports - *answers *monthly budget reports that compare the budgeted
revenues and expenses with the actual revenues and expenses for each line in the
budget
contribution margin - *answers *revenue - variable costs
