HESI RN Pediatric (PEDS) Parent Child Nursing Exam 3 Practice Questions and Answers Graded A+

What is a significant anatomical difference in the respiratory system of infants compared to adults? A) Larger airways B) More alveoli C) Smaller trachea D) More rigid chest walls C) Smaller trachea Which of the following factors can contribute to respiratory disorders in children? A) Child's age B) Socioeconomic status C) Seasonality D) All of the above D) All of the above Which symptom is often the first sign of respiratory illness in children? A) Fever B) Cough C) Tachypnea D) Grunting C) Tachypnea What is a common nursing intervention to ease respiratory efforts in children? A) Administering IV fluids only B) Using a cool mist vaporizer C) Providing high doses of antibiotics D) Encouraging deep breathing exercises only B) Using a cool mist vaporizer Which diagnostic test is used to evaluate for allergies in children? A) Rapid strep test B) Chest radiograph C) Allergy skin testing D) Sputum culture C) Allergy skin testing What is a hallmark symptom of croup in young children? A) High fever B) Barky or seal-like cough C) Cyanosis D) Productive cough B) Barky or seal-like cough Which condition is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the airways? A) Croup B) Asthma C) Bronchiolitis D) Acute otitis media B) Asthma What is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis in infants? A) Rhinovirus B) Adenovirus C) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) D) Influenza virus C) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Which complication can arise from untreated strep throat? A) Myocarditis B) Rheumatic fever C) Asthma D) Bronchitis B) Rheumatic fever What should be monitored in a child diagnosed with pneumonia? A) Serum electrolyte levels B) Respiratory rate and effort C) Heart rate only D) Skin hydration B) Respiratory rate and effort Which of the following is a common treatment for Influenza in children? A) Antibiotics B) Antiviral medications when appropriate C) Immediate intubation D) Long-term corticosteroids B) Antiviral medications when appropriate In infants, what is a risk factor for developing acute otitis media? A) Longer eustachian tubes B) Decreased breastfeeding C) Lack of exposure to other children D) Use of saline nasal spray B) Decreased breastfeeding What is the most common type of childhood cancer? A) Wilms tumor B) Retinoblastoma C) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) D) Osteosarcoma C) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Which of the following symptoms is NOT an early warning sign of pediatric cancer? A) Unexplained fever B) Sudden eye or vision changes C) Frequent runny nose D) Limping or refusal to bear weight C) Frequent runny nose What is a common diagnostic tool for leukemia in children? A) MRI B) Bone marrow biopsy C) Ultrasound D) CT scan B) Bone marrow biopsy Which type of lymphoma is most commonly associated with Reed-Sternberg cells? A) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma B) Hodgkin Lymphoma C) Burkitt Lymphoma D) Lymphoblastic Lymphoma B) Hodgkin Lymphoma Which of the following childhood cancers is primarily found in the cerebellum? A) Neuroblastoma B) Medulloblastoma C) Ewing Sarcoma D) Wilms tumor B) Medulloblastoma What is a major characteristic of pediatric cancers compared to adult cancers? A) Pediatric cancers usually have a longer latency period. B) Pediatric cancers are often discovered incidentally. C) Pediatric cancers are significantly influenced by environmental factors. D) Pediatric cancers are less responsive to treatment. B) Pediatric cancers are often discovered incidentally. Which childhood cancer is most commonly associated with trisomy 21? A) Neuroblastoma B) Wilms tumor C) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) D) Rhabdomyosarcoma C) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) What is a common treatment modality for pediatric cancers? A) Only surgery B) Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation C) Radiation only D) Herbal medicine B) Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation Which of the following statements about neuroblastoma is true? A) It can only arise from the adrenal gland. B) It is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. C) Symptoms can include a nontender abdominal mass. D) It is a common type of bone cancer. C) Symptoms can include a nontender abdominal mass. What is the primary goal of palliative care for pediatric cancer patients at the end of life? A) Cure the cancer B) Prolong life at all costs C) Provide comfort and minimize suffering D) Increase the frequency of treatments C) Provide comfort and minimize suffering At what gestational age does blood cell production begin in the fetus? A) 4 weeks B) 8 weeks C) 12 weeks D) 16 weeks B) 8 weeks Which type of hemoglobin predominates in a fetus at 8 weeks of gestation? A) Hgb A B) Hgb A2 C) Hgb F D) Hgb S C) Hgb F Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hematologic disorders in children? A) Prematurity B) Exposure to lead C) Excessive iron intake D) Low socioeconomic status C) Excessive iron intake For children aged 6 months to 5 years, what ferritin and hemoglobin levels are diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia? A) Ferritin 10 mcg/L AND Hemoglobin 10 g/dL B) Ferritin 15 mcg/L AND Hemoglobin 11 g/dL C) Ferritin 20 mcg/L AND Hemoglobin 12 g/dL D) Ferritin 5 mcg/L AND Hemoglobin 9 g/dL B) Ferritin 15 mcg/L AND Hemoglobin 11 g/dL What is a common complication of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that causes severe swelling in fingers and toes? A) Hemolytic anemia B) Dactylitis C) Splenic sequestration D) Acute chest syndrome B) Dactylitis What is the primary defect in Hemophilia A? A) Deficiency of factor IX B) Deficiency of factor VIII C) Deficiency of factor X D) Deficiency of platelets B) Deficiency of factor VIII Which nursing intervention is appropriate for managing a child with sickle cell disease during a vaso-occlusive crisis? A) Apply ice packs to painful areas B) Increase fluid intake C) Limit oral hydration D) Provide NSAIDs for pain relief B) Increase fluid intake What is the average lifespan of sickled red blood cells compared to normal red blood cells? A) 20 days vs. 120 days B) 60 days vs. 120 days C) 80 days vs. 120 days D) 100 days vs. 120 days A) 20 days vs. 120 days Which type of iron supplementation is recommended for infants starting at 4 months of age? A) 1-2 mg/kg/day B) 3-6 mg/kg/day C) 7-10 mg/kg/day D) 10- 15 mg/kg/day B) 3-6 mg/kg/day Which symptom is less common in cases of iron deficiency anemia? A) Pallor B) Shortness of breath C) Pica D) Irritability C) Pica What type of immunity do newborns receive from maternal antibodies? A) Active immunity B) Passive immunity C) Natural immunity D) Cellular immunity B) Passive immunity Which of the following is a warning sign of a possible primary immunodeficiency? A) One episode of otitis media in a year B) Two episodes of pneumonia in one year C) Occasional cold symptoms D) Mild skin rash B) Two episodes of pneumonia in one year What is the primary goal of immunizations in children? A) To provide immediate relief from infections B) To promote active immunity against communicable diseases C) To eliminate the need for regular check-ups D) To ensure that all children experience mild illnesses B) To promote active immunity against communicable diseases At what age is the hepatitis B vaccine administered to infants? A) 1 month B) 2 months C) 4 months D) 6 months B) 2 months Which condition is contraindicated for the administration of live virus vaccines like MMR and varicella? A) Mild fever B) Recent cold C) Immunocompromised state D) Recent travel C) Immunocompromised state Which of the following factors can influence cardiovascular status in children? A) Genetic factors B) Environmental factors C) Maternal factors (toxins, infections) D) All of the above D) All of the above What is the significance of the ductus arteriosus in newborns? A) It prevents blood flow to the lungs. B) It allows blood to bypass the liver. C) It connects the aorta and pulmonary artery, which closes after birth. D) It increases blood flow to the right ventricle. C) It connects the aorta and pulmonary artery, which closes after birth. A common clinical sign of congenital heart disease is: A) Jaundice B) Shortness of breath during feeds C) Constipation D) Increased appetite B) Shortness of breath during feeds Which congenital heart defect is characterized by a combination of four specific heart defects? A) Atrial Septal Defect B) Ventricular Septal Defect C) Tetralogy of Fallot D) Patent Ductus Arteriosus C) Tetralogy of Fallot In which condition would you expect a "knee-to-chest" position to be beneficial? A) Coarctation of the aorta B) Tetralogy of Fallot during a hypercyanotic spell C) Atrial Septal Defect D) Truncus Arteriosus B) Tetralogy of Fallot during a hypercyanotic spell What is a common nursing intervention for a child with heart failure? A) Encourage high-intensity exercise B) Monitor daily weights and strict intake/output C) Administer fluid boluses regularly D) Restrict all physical activity B) Monitor daily weights and strict intake/output Kawasaki disease is characterized by which of the following symptoms? A) Fever lasting more than 5 days B) Oral mucosa changes/strawberry tongue C) Peripheral extremity edema D) All of the Above D) All of the Above Which of the following congenital heart defects is associated with a persistent connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery? A) Tricuspid Atresia B) Atrioventricular Canal C) Patent Ductus Arteriosus D) Aortic Stenosis C) Patent Ductus Arteriosus What is a common risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in female infants? A) Longer urethra B) Shorter urethra C) Higher bladder capacity D) Increased kidney protection B) Shorter urethra What is the expected urine output for infants? A) 1-2 mL/kg/hr B) 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr C) 2-3 mL/kg/hr D) 3-5 mL/kg/hr A) 1-2 mL/kg/hr What is a potential complication of untreated urinary tract infections? A) Dehydration B) Hypertensive crisis C) Pyelonephritis D) Constipation C) Pyelonephritis At what age does the renal system typically reach maturity in children? A) 1 month B) 6 months C) 2 years D) 5 years C) 2 years Which of the following is NOT a nursing intervention for a child with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? A) Administering prophylactic antibiotics B) Educating on proper toileting hygiene C) Regular urine testing and VCUGs D) Immediate surgical repair without follow-up D) Immediate surgical repair without follow-up What is a hallmark sign of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis? A) Projectile vomiting B) Chronic diarrhea C) Constipation D) Foul-smelling stools A) Projectile vomiting Which condition is characterized by a failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life? A) Hirschsprung disease B) Cleft lip and palate C) Esophageal atresia D) Intussusception A) Hirschsprung disease What is the most common pathogen associated with acute viral gastroenteritis in children? A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Shiga toxin-producing E. coli C) Rotavirus D) Salmonella C) Rotavirus According to the AAP, how long should breastfeeding be encouraged for infants? A) 3 months B) 6 months C) 1 year D) 2 years B) 6 months At what age is it recommended to introduce whole milk to an infant's diet? A) 3 months B) 6 months C) 1 year D) 18 months C) 1 year Which of the following is NOT a common food allergy in children? A) Cow's milk B) Peanuts C) Almonds D) Eggs C) Almonds What is the primary nutritional concern for preschoolers? A) Quantity of food consumed B) Quality of food consumed C) Avoiding all sugars D) Maintaining a strict diet B) Quality of food consumed Which condition is characterized by inadequate growth resulting from an inability to obtain or use calories? A) Bulimia Nervosa B) Anorexia Nervosa C) Failure to Thrive (FTT) D) Obesity C) Failure to Thrive (FTT) What is the primary characteristic of Growth Hormone Deficiency in children? A) Increased weight gain B) Poor growth and short stature C) Early sexual maturation D) Excessive thirst B) Poor growth and short stature Which of the following treatments is commonly used for Diabetes Insipidus? A) Insulin therapy B) DDAVP (desmopressin) C) Levothyroxine D) Methimazole B) DDAVP (desmopressin) What condition is characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones, commonly associated with Graves disease? A) Hypothyroidism B) Diabetes Mellitus C) Hyperthyroidism D) Cushing's Syndrome C) Hyperthyroidism Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? A) Weight loss B) Excessive thirst (polydipsia) C) Obesity D) Frequent urination (polyuria) C) Obesity What is a key feature of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)? A) Excessive thirst B) Water retention and low serum sodium C) Increased serum osmolality D) Frequent urination B) Water retention and low serum sodium Which treatment is typically recommended for a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism? A) Antithyroid medications B) Synthroid (levothyroxine) C) Fluid restriction D) Insulin therapy B) Synthroid (levothyroxine) In children with Type 2 Diabetes, which of the following is a common risk factor? A) Autoimmune response B) Family history of diabetes C) Onset in infancy D) Excessive growth hormone production B) Family history of diabetes Which of the following is a common sign of respiratory distress in children? A) Bradycardia B) Cyanosis C) Hypertension D) Increased appetite B) Cyanosis What is the primary cause of croup in children? - A) Bacterial infection - B) Viral infection - C) Allergic reaction - D) Environmental irritants B) Viral infection Which assessment finding is typical in a child with asthma? - A) Abdominal pain - B) Wheezing - C) Constipation - D) Fever B) Wheezing