lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
NR 511 Midterm Exam with verified
Questions and solutions 2025/2026
, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
All of the following medications are used for the control of nausea and vomiting. Which
medication works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure?
1.Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine (Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan).
4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol)
Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale: Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and postoperative nausea
and vomiting. It works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure
You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub. Which condition do you rule
out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome.
IBS
IBS does not produce a friction rub
You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to avoid. You know she
misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she can have:
1. Yogurt.
2. Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges.
Foods containing whey
rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey. Whey is a
lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read
labels on all foods. To control symptoms, dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by using
lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts
or in combination with low-lactose or lactose-free foods.
Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel movement only every third day.
You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of defecation vary
widely and may in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool,
psychological stress, or voluntary postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could
be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be questioned if this is routine for him.
Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. Colorectal
cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern must be
evaluated for colorectal cancer
Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose. What food(s) do you suggest
to help thicken the stools?
1. Cheese.
2. Leafy green vegetables.
3.Raw fruits and vegetables.
4.Dried beans. Cheese
rationale: Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to thicken stools.
Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to prevent its transmission. You
respond:
1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or toothbrushes."
4."Abstain from sex during your period." Abstain
from sex during your period
rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including menstrual blood, clients
should abstain from sex during menstruation. You might also test Tina to see which genotype her
hepatitis C is to see if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis and dehydration after 2 days
of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do
you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which causes diarrhea." 4."The
infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
Downloaded by wailor lexis ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
"The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral infection causes diarrhea
by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water
along the osmotic gradient, resulting in watery stools.
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating that she is
slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent. Icteric
rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored
stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual improvement.
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other concurrent
conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you recommend she refrain
from using?
1. Antibiotics.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals.
NSAIDS
rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to aggravate the
already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis. PID
rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in both the right
and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of determining a
fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3. Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia.
Decreased peripheral perfusion
Downloaded by wailor lexis
()
NR 511 Midterm Exam with verified
Questions and solutions 2025/2026
, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
All of the following medications are used for the control of nausea and vomiting. Which
medication works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure?
1.Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine (Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan).
4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol)
Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale: Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and postoperative nausea
and vomiting. It works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure
You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub. Which condition do you rule
out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome.
IBS
IBS does not produce a friction rub
You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to avoid. You know she
misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she can have:
1. Yogurt.
2. Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges.
Foods containing whey
rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey. Whey is a
lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read
labels on all foods. To control symptoms, dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by using
lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts
or in combination with low-lactose or lactose-free foods.
Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel movement only every third day.
You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
Downloaded by wailor lexis ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of defecation vary
widely and may in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool,
psychological stress, or voluntary postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could
be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be questioned if this is routine for him.
Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. Colorectal
cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern must be
evaluated for colorectal cancer
Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose. What food(s) do you suggest
to help thicken the stools?
1. Cheese.
2. Leafy green vegetables.
3.Raw fruits and vegetables.
4.Dried beans. Cheese
rationale: Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to thicken stools.
Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to prevent its transmission. You
respond:
1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or toothbrushes."
4."Abstain from sex during your period." Abstain
from sex during your period
rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including menstrual blood, clients
should abstain from sex during menstruation. You might also test Tina to see which genotype her
hepatitis C is to see if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis and dehydration after 2 days
of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do
you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which causes diarrhea." 4."The
infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
Downloaded by wailor lexis ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 16310474
"The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral infection causes diarrhea
by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water
along the osmotic gradient, resulting in watery stools.
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating that she is
slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent. Icteric
rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored
stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual improvement.
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other concurrent
conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you recommend she refrain
from using?
1. Antibiotics.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals.
NSAIDS
rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to aggravate the
already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis. PID
rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in both the right
and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of determining a
fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3. Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia.
Decreased peripheral perfusion
Downloaded by wailor lexis
()
