Clinical hematology
leukopoiesis correct answersabsolute increase in total
white blood
cell
count
Cell line increase is designated by "osis" or
"philia"
leukopenia correct answersabsolute decrease in total
while blood
cell
count
Cell line decrease is designated by
"penia"
leukemoid reaction correct answersExaggerated WBC response to
infection and
inflammati
on
immature cells younger than metamyelocyte but
rare blasts
LAP Stain correct answersleukocyte alkaline
phosphatase
looks for the presence of LAP enzyme activity in
neutrophils
reference score 44-
106
low or absent LAP score (CML, AML,
PNH)
High LAP score (leukemoid rxn, pregnancy,
infection)
Leukoerythroblastic picture correct answersPeripheral smear contains
immature WBCs, RBCs), and platelet
nRBCs(immature
abnormalities
Toxic granulation correct answersResponse to enhanced lysosome enzyme
production
vivid blue-black
coloration
excessive
granulation
toxic vacuolization correct answersVacuoles in the cytoplasms of neutrophils
and bands
large vacuoles usually a sign of serious
infection
Occurs
from:
Prolonged exposure of blood to drugs
such as
sulfonamid
es
Smears held for a long periods of
Delayed creation of smear: pseudo-
time
vacuolization
Dohle bodies correct answersRound-oval pale grayish-blue inclusions that
are found
the in of the cytoplasm of neutrophils, accompanies toxic
periphery
granulation
made of ribosomal
RNA
in: Pregnancy, May-Hegglin anomaly and Bacterial
infections
hypersegmentation correct answersNeutrophils with 5 or
more lobes
Usually seen in megaloblastic
processes
, Folic acid
deficiency
Pernicious
anemia
Vitamin B12
deficiency
May-Hegglin Anomaly correct answersautosomal dominant trait
disorder
Dohle
bodies
thrombocytopenia is also present with giant abnormal
platelets
abnormal bleeding (cuz of nonfunctional
platelets)
Alders anomoly correct answersAlder-Reilly
anomaly
Rare genetic
disorder
Coarse, dark granules in neutrophils,
lymphocytes,
monocytes, eosinophils, and
basophils
Prominent deposition of granules in every
cell line
Lipid depositions in the
cytoplasm
Pelger-Huet anomaly correct answersMost common
(dominant
~ 70%-95% trait)
hyposegmentation
In heterozygotes: nucleus is dumb-bell
shaped
In homozygotes: nucleus is
spherical
two-lobed
nucleus
Pseudo-Pelger Huet: myeloproliferative
disorders,
severe infections, and
leukemias
Chediak-Higashi syndrome correct answersRare autosomal recessive
disorder of
neutrophil
ic
granule
sGiant gray-green cytoplasmic
granules
Lymphs and monos show a single red granule
in the
cytoplas
mlow WBC chemotaxis and bactericidal killing
function
Hepatosplenomegaly and liver failure may
develop
Abnormal bleeding
time
Affected children show albinism and
photophobia
Reactive Lymphocytosis correct answersReactive lymphocytosis represents a
to viral
response
infections
EBV
CMV
normal for young
children
mononucleosis correct answersEBV - Epstein barr
virus
Most common disease showing variation in
lymphocytes
Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, which infects B
lymphocytes
Found in body fluid, especially
saliva
, Diagnosis is made from rapid agglutination tests or careful
examination of smear
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) correct answersherpes-type virus that usually
causesthe
when disease
immune system is
compromised
endemic
worldwide
Seen in neonates, immunocompromised,
hemophilia
Symptoms: deafness, retardation, jaundice, petechiae, low
birth weight
lipid storage diseases correct
answersGaucher's
Tay-Sachs
Niemann-
Pic
Gaucher's disease correct answersthe cell is large with rod-shaped
inclusions
Niemann-Pick disease correct answerscell is
large
appears
round
evenly sized lipid
accumulations
Tay-Sachs disease correct answersA human genetic disease caused by a
recessive
allele that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in
thelarge
no brain.identifiable bone
marrow
Platelet Satellitism correct answersPhenomenon when patient's blood reacts
with EDTA
Causes platelets to form a ring around
neutrophils
Produces a falsely low platelet
count
Can only be corrected once the patient's sample is
collected
in sodium
citrate
Leukemia correct answersmalignancy of blood forming elements resulting
in abnormal of one or more cell
proliferation
lines.
leukemia categories correct answersAcute myeloid
leukemias
Acute lymphoblastic
leukemias
Chronic myelocytic
leukemias
Chronic lymphocytic
leukemias
Characteristics of Acute
Leukemia
(AL) correct answersRapid
onset
Disease seen in very young or mid to
late life WBC
Variable
count
Anemia:
mild
Fatal in 3 months if not diagnosed and
treated
aggressivel
yUp to 20% blasts in the BM
and PS cells overwhelm the bone marrow with a decrease in other
Leukemic
normal cells
infections
common
leukopoiesis correct answersabsolute increase in total
white blood
cell
count
Cell line increase is designated by "osis" or
"philia"
leukopenia correct answersabsolute decrease in total
while blood
cell
count
Cell line decrease is designated by
"penia"
leukemoid reaction correct answersExaggerated WBC response to
infection and
inflammati
on
immature cells younger than metamyelocyte but
rare blasts
LAP Stain correct answersleukocyte alkaline
phosphatase
looks for the presence of LAP enzyme activity in
neutrophils
reference score 44-
106
low or absent LAP score (CML, AML,
PNH)
High LAP score (leukemoid rxn, pregnancy,
infection)
Leukoerythroblastic picture correct answersPeripheral smear contains
immature WBCs, RBCs), and platelet
nRBCs(immature
abnormalities
Toxic granulation correct answersResponse to enhanced lysosome enzyme
production
vivid blue-black
coloration
excessive
granulation
toxic vacuolization correct answersVacuoles in the cytoplasms of neutrophils
and bands
large vacuoles usually a sign of serious
infection
Occurs
from:
Prolonged exposure of blood to drugs
such as
sulfonamid
es
Smears held for a long periods of
Delayed creation of smear: pseudo-
time
vacuolization
Dohle bodies correct answersRound-oval pale grayish-blue inclusions that
are found
the in of the cytoplasm of neutrophils, accompanies toxic
periphery
granulation
made of ribosomal
RNA
in: Pregnancy, May-Hegglin anomaly and Bacterial
infections
hypersegmentation correct answersNeutrophils with 5 or
more lobes
Usually seen in megaloblastic
processes
, Folic acid
deficiency
Pernicious
anemia
Vitamin B12
deficiency
May-Hegglin Anomaly correct answersautosomal dominant trait
disorder
Dohle
bodies
thrombocytopenia is also present with giant abnormal
platelets
abnormal bleeding (cuz of nonfunctional
platelets)
Alders anomoly correct answersAlder-Reilly
anomaly
Rare genetic
disorder
Coarse, dark granules in neutrophils,
lymphocytes,
monocytes, eosinophils, and
basophils
Prominent deposition of granules in every
cell line
Lipid depositions in the
cytoplasm
Pelger-Huet anomaly correct answersMost common
(dominant
~ 70%-95% trait)
hyposegmentation
In heterozygotes: nucleus is dumb-bell
shaped
In homozygotes: nucleus is
spherical
two-lobed
nucleus
Pseudo-Pelger Huet: myeloproliferative
disorders,
severe infections, and
leukemias
Chediak-Higashi syndrome correct answersRare autosomal recessive
disorder of
neutrophil
ic
granule
sGiant gray-green cytoplasmic
granules
Lymphs and monos show a single red granule
in the
cytoplas
mlow WBC chemotaxis and bactericidal killing
function
Hepatosplenomegaly and liver failure may
develop
Abnormal bleeding
time
Affected children show albinism and
photophobia
Reactive Lymphocytosis correct answersReactive lymphocytosis represents a
to viral
response
infections
EBV
CMV
normal for young
children
mononucleosis correct answersEBV - Epstein barr
virus
Most common disease showing variation in
lymphocytes
Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, which infects B
lymphocytes
Found in body fluid, especially
saliva
, Diagnosis is made from rapid agglutination tests or careful
examination of smear
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) correct answersherpes-type virus that usually
causesthe
when disease
immune system is
compromised
endemic
worldwide
Seen in neonates, immunocompromised,
hemophilia
Symptoms: deafness, retardation, jaundice, petechiae, low
birth weight
lipid storage diseases correct
answersGaucher's
Tay-Sachs
Niemann-
Pic
Gaucher's disease correct answersthe cell is large with rod-shaped
inclusions
Niemann-Pick disease correct answerscell is
large
appears
round
evenly sized lipid
accumulations
Tay-Sachs disease correct answersA human genetic disease caused by a
recessive
allele that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in
thelarge
no brain.identifiable bone
marrow
Platelet Satellitism correct answersPhenomenon when patient's blood reacts
with EDTA
Causes platelets to form a ring around
neutrophils
Produces a falsely low platelet
count
Can only be corrected once the patient's sample is
collected
in sodium
citrate
Leukemia correct answersmalignancy of blood forming elements resulting
in abnormal of one or more cell
proliferation
lines.
leukemia categories correct answersAcute myeloid
leukemias
Acute lymphoblastic
leukemias
Chronic myelocytic
leukemias
Chronic lymphocytic
leukemias
Characteristics of Acute
Leukemia
(AL) correct answersRapid
onset
Disease seen in very young or mid to
late life WBC
Variable
count
Anemia:
mild
Fatal in 3 months if not diagnosed and
treated
aggressivel
yUp to 20% blasts in the BM
and PS cells overwhelm the bone marrow with a decrease in other
Leukemic
normal cells
infections
common
