Instrumental Analysis ACS Exam Final
ACCURATE 100%
What is linear range? - ANSWER Analyte concentration over the response that is
proportional to the concentration.
When analyzing an unknown where should the concentration of the unknown fall? -
ANSWER Somewhere within the linear range
What should you do if the unknown concentration is below the linear range? - ANSWER
perform pre-concentration
Examples of pre-concentration - ANSWER evaporating, anodic stripping voltammetry
What should you do if the concentration of the unknown is greater than the linear
range? - ANSWER dilute the concentration so that it falls closer to the linear range
What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength? - ANSWER
gamma, x-rays, UV, visible light, IR, microwave, radio
What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency? - ANSWER
radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, x-rays, gamma
In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is the resonant frequency of electrons in
glass? - ANSWER ultraviolet
More about regions (answer IDK) - ANSWER IDK
How do you calculate the concentration of a sample given a point calibration? (answer
IDK) - ANSWER IDK
What are the common methods of atomization in atomic absorption? - ANSWER flame
atomization, electrothermal atomization, furnace atomization
What type of sample can be used for flame atomization? - ANSWER liquid
What type of sample can be used for electrothermal atomization - ANSWER solid and
slurry
What type of sample can be used for furnace atomization? - ANSWER solid and slurry
What are the pros and cons of using electrothermal atomization and/or furnace
atomization compared to using flame atomization? - ANSWER Both offer a lower
, detection limit and can work with solid samples. However, both are slower due to
heating-cooling cycles and are less precise making them less producible.
Doppler effects - ANSWER an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the
source or observer is moving
What is the light source of atomic absorption? - ANSWER hallow cathode lamp
What results in greater Doppler effect in flame atomization? - ANSWER Temperature in
flame is greater than that in hallow cathode lamp which means that flames also have
wider spectral lines. This enables a greater doppler effect.
What is the difference between hollow cathode lamp and flame? - ANSWER Hollow
cathode lamp has narrower spectral lines than the spectral lines found in flames
Spectral lines - ANSWER The wavelengths where a specific element can absorb or emit
light
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
Temperature, °C *1700-1900* - ANSWER natural gas
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *oxygen*
Temperature, °C *2700-2800* - ANSWER natural gas
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
Temperature, °C *2000-2100* - ANSWER hydrogen
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *oxygen*
Temperature, °C *2550-2700* - ANSWER hydrogen
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
ACCURATE 100%
What is linear range? - ANSWER Analyte concentration over the response that is
proportional to the concentration.
When analyzing an unknown where should the concentration of the unknown fall? -
ANSWER Somewhere within the linear range
What should you do if the unknown concentration is below the linear range? - ANSWER
perform pre-concentration
Examples of pre-concentration - ANSWER evaporating, anodic stripping voltammetry
What should you do if the concentration of the unknown is greater than the linear
range? - ANSWER dilute the concentration so that it falls closer to the linear range
What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength? - ANSWER
gamma, x-rays, UV, visible light, IR, microwave, radio
What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency? - ANSWER
radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, x-rays, gamma
In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is the resonant frequency of electrons in
glass? - ANSWER ultraviolet
More about regions (answer IDK) - ANSWER IDK
How do you calculate the concentration of a sample given a point calibration? (answer
IDK) - ANSWER IDK
What are the common methods of atomization in atomic absorption? - ANSWER flame
atomization, electrothermal atomization, furnace atomization
What type of sample can be used for flame atomization? - ANSWER liquid
What type of sample can be used for electrothermal atomization - ANSWER solid and
slurry
What type of sample can be used for furnace atomization? - ANSWER solid and slurry
What are the pros and cons of using electrothermal atomization and/or furnace
atomization compared to using flame atomization? - ANSWER Both offer a lower
, detection limit and can work with solid samples. However, both are slower due to
heating-cooling cycles and are less precise making them less producible.
Doppler effects - ANSWER an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the
source or observer is moving
What is the light source of atomic absorption? - ANSWER hallow cathode lamp
What results in greater Doppler effect in flame atomization? - ANSWER Temperature in
flame is greater than that in hallow cathode lamp which means that flames also have
wider spectral lines. This enables a greater doppler effect.
What is the difference between hollow cathode lamp and flame? - ANSWER Hollow
cathode lamp has narrower spectral lines than the spectral lines found in flames
Spectral lines - ANSWER The wavelengths where a specific element can absorb or emit
light
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
Temperature, °C *1700-1900* - ANSWER natural gas
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *oxygen*
Temperature, °C *2700-2800* - ANSWER natural gas
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
Temperature, °C *2000-2100* - ANSWER hydrogen
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *oxygen*
Temperature, °C *2550-2700* - ANSWER hydrogen
Given the following information about the flame atomization below, name the fuel type
that should be used.
Oxidant *air*
