NURS 3730: WEEK 1 AND 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A++
What is a chronic condition?
A long-term condition
Ex. CVD, cancer, COPD, T2D
3 Major modifiable health risk behaviours responsible for early deaths and related
to persistent illness
Smoking, nutrition, exercise
What is the difference between episodic and persistent illness?
Episodic is acute and persistent is chronic
Acute illness
Sudden onset with S/S related to the disease process, symptoms are subjective reports
of the client, signs are objective manifestations of a conditions, ends in a relatively short
time, sometimes recovery, sometimes death
What are some challenging issues for acute illnesses?
- More frequent hospital visits/readmissions
- Complications develop
- Increased risk for errors
- Underdiagnosis of conditions
- Inconsistent monitoring of acute illnesses
,- Inadequate health education
- Duplication of resources
- A lot of preventable injuries
Why do re-admissions occur?
Due to a lack of discharge planning, lack of consistent follow-up care, more focus on
one co-morbidity rather than a holistic approach to care management, also
understaffing
What are chronic illnesses?
Conditions that do not resolve or for which complete cures are rare, onset may be
sudden or may develop over time; some are characterized by exacerbations and
remissions
What are some chronic illnesses?
COPD, MS, MH (eating disorders, depression, etc.), cancer, cardiac diseases
Why is there such a high incidence of chronic disease?
Because of limited access to SDoH, decrease in mortality for infectious diseases,
survival of extremely low birth weight infants, improved diagnostic and screening
procedures, improved management of acute conditions, lifestyle factors (smoking,
unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity)
What is the most significant/important determinant of health?
Poverty and/or income
Disease
A condition that a practitioner views from a pathophysiological model
Illness
,The human experience of symptoms and suffering. Refers to how the disease is
perceived, lived with, and responded to by individuals and their families
Chronic illness is often associated with ____________
Disability, but many people are not disabled by their chronic illness
Disability
A complex interaction between health conditions, personal factors and the environment
Comorbidity
Presence of two or more chronic illness that are not directly related to each other in a
person at the same time
Multimorbidity
Simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical conditions in the same person,
may or may not be related to each-other
Characteristics of persistent illness
- Affects emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing
- Required adherence to therapeutic regimen
- Chronic disorders contribute to higher risk of mortality and morbidity from other illness
- Affects the entire family
- Adherence poses challenges
- Management primarily falls to client and family
- One chronic disease or problem can lead to another
- Some degree of disability in severe or advanced chronic illness
- Limit's participation in activities and eroding quality of life
- Living with uncertainty
, - Many have pain and fatigue as symptoms
- Ethical issues may be raised; for example cost, allocation of resources and QOL
Management of persistent illness once the illness occurs:
Managing symptoms, avoiding complications, avoiding episodic illness, promoting
health, maintaining functional status
What must be mastered in order to achieve successful self-management?
Processing emotions, adjusting to changes to life and self, integrating illness into daily
life, determining the meaning of illness to base decisions
What is important for the nurse to be aware of when conditions are being
managed in the home?
What resources are available in the community
Informal caregiver
Anyone who provides care without pay, and who usually has personal ties to the care
recipient
Caregiver burden
The overall physical, emotional, and financial cost of caregiving
Care must be informed by:
Knowledge of the disease and understanding of the illness experience
Pretrajectory
Being at risk: genetic factors, life circumstances or behaviours that place the individual
or community at risk for the development of a chronic condition
Trajectory onset
Appearance or onset of noticeable symptoms
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A++
What is a chronic condition?
A long-term condition
Ex. CVD, cancer, COPD, T2D
3 Major modifiable health risk behaviours responsible for early deaths and related
to persistent illness
Smoking, nutrition, exercise
What is the difference between episodic and persistent illness?
Episodic is acute and persistent is chronic
Acute illness
Sudden onset with S/S related to the disease process, symptoms are subjective reports
of the client, signs are objective manifestations of a conditions, ends in a relatively short
time, sometimes recovery, sometimes death
What are some challenging issues for acute illnesses?
- More frequent hospital visits/readmissions
- Complications develop
- Increased risk for errors
- Underdiagnosis of conditions
- Inconsistent monitoring of acute illnesses
,- Inadequate health education
- Duplication of resources
- A lot of preventable injuries
Why do re-admissions occur?
Due to a lack of discharge planning, lack of consistent follow-up care, more focus on
one co-morbidity rather than a holistic approach to care management, also
understaffing
What are chronic illnesses?
Conditions that do not resolve or for which complete cures are rare, onset may be
sudden or may develop over time; some are characterized by exacerbations and
remissions
What are some chronic illnesses?
COPD, MS, MH (eating disorders, depression, etc.), cancer, cardiac diseases
Why is there such a high incidence of chronic disease?
Because of limited access to SDoH, decrease in mortality for infectious diseases,
survival of extremely low birth weight infants, improved diagnostic and screening
procedures, improved management of acute conditions, lifestyle factors (smoking,
unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity)
What is the most significant/important determinant of health?
Poverty and/or income
Disease
A condition that a practitioner views from a pathophysiological model
Illness
,The human experience of symptoms and suffering. Refers to how the disease is
perceived, lived with, and responded to by individuals and their families
Chronic illness is often associated with ____________
Disability, but many people are not disabled by their chronic illness
Disability
A complex interaction between health conditions, personal factors and the environment
Comorbidity
Presence of two or more chronic illness that are not directly related to each other in a
person at the same time
Multimorbidity
Simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical conditions in the same person,
may or may not be related to each-other
Characteristics of persistent illness
- Affects emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing
- Required adherence to therapeutic regimen
- Chronic disorders contribute to higher risk of mortality and morbidity from other illness
- Affects the entire family
- Adherence poses challenges
- Management primarily falls to client and family
- One chronic disease or problem can lead to another
- Some degree of disability in severe or advanced chronic illness
- Limit's participation in activities and eroding quality of life
- Living with uncertainty
, - Many have pain and fatigue as symptoms
- Ethical issues may be raised; for example cost, allocation of resources and QOL
Management of persistent illness once the illness occurs:
Managing symptoms, avoiding complications, avoiding episodic illness, promoting
health, maintaining functional status
What must be mastered in order to achieve successful self-management?
Processing emotions, adjusting to changes to life and self, integrating illness into daily
life, determining the meaning of illness to base decisions
What is important for the nurse to be aware of when conditions are being
managed in the home?
What resources are available in the community
Informal caregiver
Anyone who provides care without pay, and who usually has personal ties to the care
recipient
Caregiver burden
The overall physical, emotional, and financial cost of caregiving
Care must be informed by:
Knowledge of the disease and understanding of the illness experience
Pretrajectory
Being at risk: genetic factors, life circumstances or behaviours that place the individual
or community at risk for the development of a chronic condition
Trajectory onset
Appearance or onset of noticeable symptoms
