NUTRITION EXAM 3 (NURS 3370) EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
low vitamin D levels correlates to what cardiovascular issue?
elevated CRP, which can contribute to development of atherosclerosis, hypertension,
and diabetes
what causes elevated triglycerides
• Chronic, excessive alcohol intake
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Cigarette smoking
• Very high carbohydrate intake (>60% of total energy)
• Other diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome)
• Certain drugs
• Genetic factors
what are the main goals of treating atherosclerosis?
lower cholesterol and inflammation
nutrition therapy for atherosclerosis
--replace saturated and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to
decrease LDL and increase HDL
--use more olive and canola oils, nuts (walnuts, almonds, pistachios)
,--fish oils may reduce inflammation
--foods high in fiber (fortified orange juice, cereals)
what do monounsaturated fats do
lower LDL relative to saturated fats without decreasing HDL
what foods are monounsaturated fats
vegetable oils like olive/canola oil, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, tofu
what foods are polyunsaturated fats
plant based oils like corn oil, soybeans, sunflowers
which type of fat contains omegas
polyunsaturated fats
what percentage of diet should be saturated fats?
less than 7%
benefits of omega 3s
--small reduction in BP
--lowers triglycerides
--helps prevent CV disease
sources of omega 3s
fish oil (salmon, herring, tuna), plant/nut oils
contraindications for fish/omega 3s
pregnancy (fish has mercury), omega 3 supplements can increase bleeding, increase
glucose in DM patients, and can cause vitamin E deficiency
omega 6
, cause inflammation and should be avoided; highest concentration found in sunflower,
corn, and soybean oil
what does high carbohydrate intake do to cholesterol levels?
decreases HDL and increases triglycerides
normal cholesterol levels
how much fiber should be eaten per day?
5-10g of fiber per day
2-3 g of plant sterols or stanol esters per day
nutrition therapy after myocardial infarction
--liquid diet first then progress as tolerated
--mediterranean diet; omega 3, low saturated fat, low calorie foods
--eat small frequent meals
--avoid gluten free diet unless actually celiac
essential vs secondary hypertension
essential: exact cause is unknown, related to prematurity, low birth weight, poor
nutrition, genetics
secondary: caused by another disease like cushing's, primary aldosteronism, renal
insufficiency
DASH diet (dietary approaches to stop hypertension)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
low vitamin D levels correlates to what cardiovascular issue?
elevated CRP, which can contribute to development of atherosclerosis, hypertension,
and diabetes
what causes elevated triglycerides
• Chronic, excessive alcohol intake
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Cigarette smoking
• Very high carbohydrate intake (>60% of total energy)
• Other diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome)
• Certain drugs
• Genetic factors
what are the main goals of treating atherosclerosis?
lower cholesterol and inflammation
nutrition therapy for atherosclerosis
--replace saturated and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to
decrease LDL and increase HDL
--use more olive and canola oils, nuts (walnuts, almonds, pistachios)
,--fish oils may reduce inflammation
--foods high in fiber (fortified orange juice, cereals)
what do monounsaturated fats do
lower LDL relative to saturated fats without decreasing HDL
what foods are monounsaturated fats
vegetable oils like olive/canola oil, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, tofu
what foods are polyunsaturated fats
plant based oils like corn oil, soybeans, sunflowers
which type of fat contains omegas
polyunsaturated fats
what percentage of diet should be saturated fats?
less than 7%
benefits of omega 3s
--small reduction in BP
--lowers triglycerides
--helps prevent CV disease
sources of omega 3s
fish oil (salmon, herring, tuna), plant/nut oils
contraindications for fish/omega 3s
pregnancy (fish has mercury), omega 3 supplements can increase bleeding, increase
glucose in DM patients, and can cause vitamin E deficiency
omega 6
, cause inflammation and should be avoided; highest concentration found in sunflower,
corn, and soybean oil
what does high carbohydrate intake do to cholesterol levels?
decreases HDL and increases triglycerides
normal cholesterol levels
how much fiber should be eaten per day?
5-10g of fiber per day
2-3 g of plant sterols or stanol esters per day
nutrition therapy after myocardial infarction
--liquid diet first then progress as tolerated
--mediterranean diet; omega 3, low saturated fat, low calorie foods
--eat small frequent meals
--avoid gluten free diet unless actually celiac
essential vs secondary hypertension
essential: exact cause is unknown, related to prematurity, low birth weight, poor
nutrition, genetics
secondary: caused by another disease like cushing's, primary aldosteronism, renal
insufficiency
DASH diet (dietary approaches to stop hypertension)
