NUTRITION EXAM 2 (NURS 3370) EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE
how does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?
tells the kidneys to reabsorb/conserve more water
what triggers and inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
triggered by a drop in BP, blood volume, or increased blood osmolality
inhibited by a rise in BP and blood volume or a drop in blood osmolality
how does aldosterone affect the kidneys?
it tells the kidneys to retain sodium and excrete potassium
how do glucocorticoids affect the kidneys?
tells the kidney to retain sodium and water when body is stressed
how do brain natriuretic peptides affect blood pressure/volume?
released when blood volume and pressure causes the heart ventricles to stretch-->
works to decrease blood volume/pressure
functions of water for the body
--provides shape/rigidity for cells
--regulates body temp
--lubricant
,--cushions body
--transport of nutrients
--source of trace minerals
--participates in biochemical reactions
how much water should men/women age 19-70 drink per day?
men: 3.7 L (13 cups)
women: 2.7 L (9 cups)
what percentage of body weight is from water in a newborn, adult male, and adult
female?
newborn: 75-80
adult male: 55-60
adult female: 50-55
intracellular vs interstitial vs extracellular fluid
intracellular:
--within cell
--water, potassium, phosphate
--more stable, resistant to major shifts
interstitial:
--fluid between cells
--sodium and chloride
--reserved fluid to replace intra/extracellular fluid
extracellular:
--outside of cells in vascular space (blood vessels)
, --chloride, glucose, sodium
--less stable
signs/symptoms of fluid deficit/dehydration
--urine output is less than 30ml/hr
--urine specific gravity is high (1.035+)
--decreased skin turgor
--sunken eyes
--dry mucous membranes
--decreased body weight
--decreased BP, increased HR, increased temp
--orthostatic hypotension
--increased hematocrit
--change in LOC (from electrolyte imbalances)
causes of third spacing
--injury/inflammation
--malnutrition
--liver dysfunction
--heart failure
--renal failure
what fluids and foods should be avoided when rehydrating a patient?
--sodas, fruit juice, sport drinks (high sugar content can worsen diarrhea and cause
more loss)
--caffeine (diuretic, can cause more fluid loss)
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE
how does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?
tells the kidneys to reabsorb/conserve more water
what triggers and inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
triggered by a drop in BP, blood volume, or increased blood osmolality
inhibited by a rise in BP and blood volume or a drop in blood osmolality
how does aldosterone affect the kidneys?
it tells the kidneys to retain sodium and excrete potassium
how do glucocorticoids affect the kidneys?
tells the kidney to retain sodium and water when body is stressed
how do brain natriuretic peptides affect blood pressure/volume?
released when blood volume and pressure causes the heart ventricles to stretch-->
works to decrease blood volume/pressure
functions of water for the body
--provides shape/rigidity for cells
--regulates body temp
--lubricant
,--cushions body
--transport of nutrients
--source of trace minerals
--participates in biochemical reactions
how much water should men/women age 19-70 drink per day?
men: 3.7 L (13 cups)
women: 2.7 L (9 cups)
what percentage of body weight is from water in a newborn, adult male, and adult
female?
newborn: 75-80
adult male: 55-60
adult female: 50-55
intracellular vs interstitial vs extracellular fluid
intracellular:
--within cell
--water, potassium, phosphate
--more stable, resistant to major shifts
interstitial:
--fluid between cells
--sodium and chloride
--reserved fluid to replace intra/extracellular fluid
extracellular:
--outside of cells in vascular space (blood vessels)
, --chloride, glucose, sodium
--less stable
signs/symptoms of fluid deficit/dehydration
--urine output is less than 30ml/hr
--urine specific gravity is high (1.035+)
--decreased skin turgor
--sunken eyes
--dry mucous membranes
--decreased body weight
--decreased BP, increased HR, increased temp
--orthostatic hypotension
--increased hematocrit
--change in LOC (from electrolyte imbalances)
causes of third spacing
--injury/inflammation
--malnutrition
--liver dysfunction
--heart failure
--renal failure
what fluids and foods should be avoided when rehydrating a patient?
--sodas, fruit juice, sport drinks (high sugar content can worsen diarrhea and cause
more loss)
--caffeine (diuretic, can cause more fluid loss)
