NURS 3370: PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SKELETON OUTLINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids? a) They bind to extracellular
receptors b) They inhibit protein synthesis c) They diffuse through cell
membranes and bind to intracellular receptors d) They block neurotransmitter
receptors
c) They diffuse through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors
- Glucocorticoids exert their effects by crossing cell membranes and binding to
intracellular receptors, leading to altered gene transcription and modulation of various
physiological processes.
What are the indications for using glucocorticoids? a) Hypertension b) Diabetes
mellitus c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects d) Thyroid
disorders
c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
a) Hypertension: Glucocorticoids are not indicated for hypertension; they may
exacerbate it due to their effects on fluid and sodium retention. b) Diabetes mellitus:
Glucocorticoids can worsen glycemic control and are not indicated for diabetes mellitus
management. c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects*: Glucocorticoids
,are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in
various medical conditions. d) Thyroid disorders: Glucocorticoids are not indicated for
thyroid disorders; they do not affect thyroid function directly.
What are the adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid use? a) Hypertension
b) Osteoporosis c) Hypoglycemia d) Bradycardia
b) Osteoporosis
a) Hypertension - Glucocorticoids can lead to hypertension by promoting sodium and
water retention and increasing vascular sensitivity to catecholamines. b) Osteoporosis -
Glucocorticoids can cause osteoporosis by inhibiting bone formation and enhancing
bone resorption, leading to increased fracture risk. c) Hypoglycemia - Glucocorticoids
can induce hyperglycemia by promoting gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance, rather
than hypoglycemia. d) Bradycardia - Glucocorticoids are not typically associated with
bradycardia; instead, they may cause tachycardia due to their stimulatory effects on the
cardiovascular system
How do glucocorticoids interact with other drugs? a) Increase potassium levels
b) Decrease vaccine efficacy c) Increase NSAID absorption d) Enhance insulin
action
b) Decrease vaccine efficacy
a) Increase potassium levels: Glucocorticoids can lead to potassium loss, which may
increase the risk of hypokalemia when combined with drugs like digoxin or potassium-
depleting diuretics. b) Decrease vaccine efficacy: Glucocorticoids can decrease
,antibody responses to vaccines, potentially reducing their efficacy. c) Increase NSAID
absorption: Glucocorticoids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and
bleeding when combined with NSAIDs due to enhanced NSAID absorption. d) Enhance
insulin action: Glucocorticoids can require adjustments in insulin or oral hypoglycemic
doses in diabetic patients due to their effects on glucose metabolism, potentially
enhancing insulin action.
How are glucocorticoids administered therapeutically? a) Orally, parenterally,
topically, intranasally, and by local injection b) Only intravenously c) Exclusively
through inhalation d) Intramuscularly only
a) Orally, parenterally, topically, intranasally, and by local injection
a) Orally, parenterally, topically, intranasally, and by local injection - Glucocorticoids can
be administered through various routes to target different medical conditions and
achieve therapeutic effects systemically or locally.
What should be monitored in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy? a) Blood
pressure only b) Blood glucose levels only c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk,
and infection susceptibility d) Serum electrolytes only
c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility
c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility: Glucocorticoid
therapy can suppress endogenous glucocorticoid production, increase the risk of
osteoporosis, and compromise the immune system, necessitating monitoring of adrenal
function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility.
, Why is caution advised when using glucocorticoids in certain populations? a)
Due to potential risks of weight gain b) Due to their effects on lipid metabolism c)
Due to potential risks in pediatric patients, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and
those with specific medical conditions or receiving certain therapies d) Due to
their effects on thyroid function
c) Due to potential risks in pediatric patients, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and
those with specific medical conditions or receiving certain therapies
How should glucocorticoid therapy be tapered? a) Abruptly stopped b) Increased
gradually c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover d) Reduced every other
day
c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover
c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover. Rationale: Tapering glucocorticoid
therapy allows the adrenal glands to gradually regain function after being suppressed by
exogenous glucocorticoid administration, preventing adrenal insufficiency and potential
withdrawal symptoms
What are the different routes of administration for glucocorticoids and their
respective clinical uses? a) Intramuscularly for skin conditions b) Intravenously
for asthma c) Orally for skin conditions d) Inhalation for asthma, oral for anti-
inflammatory effects, topical for skin conditions, and IV for emergencies like
anaphylaxis.
d) Inhalation for asthma, oral for anti-inflammatory effects, topical for skin conditions,
and IV for emergencies like anaphylaxis.
SKELETON OUTLINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids? a) They bind to extracellular
receptors b) They inhibit protein synthesis c) They diffuse through cell
membranes and bind to intracellular receptors d) They block neurotransmitter
receptors
c) They diffuse through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors
- Glucocorticoids exert their effects by crossing cell membranes and binding to
intracellular receptors, leading to altered gene transcription and modulation of various
physiological processes.
What are the indications for using glucocorticoids? a) Hypertension b) Diabetes
mellitus c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects d) Thyroid
disorders
c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
a) Hypertension: Glucocorticoids are not indicated for hypertension; they may
exacerbate it due to their effects on fluid and sodium retention. b) Diabetes mellitus:
Glucocorticoids can worsen glycemic control and are not indicated for diabetes mellitus
management. c) Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects*: Glucocorticoids
,are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in
various medical conditions. d) Thyroid disorders: Glucocorticoids are not indicated for
thyroid disorders; they do not affect thyroid function directly.
What are the adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid use? a) Hypertension
b) Osteoporosis c) Hypoglycemia d) Bradycardia
b) Osteoporosis
a) Hypertension - Glucocorticoids can lead to hypertension by promoting sodium and
water retention and increasing vascular sensitivity to catecholamines. b) Osteoporosis -
Glucocorticoids can cause osteoporosis by inhibiting bone formation and enhancing
bone resorption, leading to increased fracture risk. c) Hypoglycemia - Glucocorticoids
can induce hyperglycemia by promoting gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance, rather
than hypoglycemia. d) Bradycardia - Glucocorticoids are not typically associated with
bradycardia; instead, they may cause tachycardia due to their stimulatory effects on the
cardiovascular system
How do glucocorticoids interact with other drugs? a) Increase potassium levels
b) Decrease vaccine efficacy c) Increase NSAID absorption d) Enhance insulin
action
b) Decrease vaccine efficacy
a) Increase potassium levels: Glucocorticoids can lead to potassium loss, which may
increase the risk of hypokalemia when combined with drugs like digoxin or potassium-
depleting diuretics. b) Decrease vaccine efficacy: Glucocorticoids can decrease
,antibody responses to vaccines, potentially reducing their efficacy. c) Increase NSAID
absorption: Glucocorticoids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and
bleeding when combined with NSAIDs due to enhanced NSAID absorption. d) Enhance
insulin action: Glucocorticoids can require adjustments in insulin or oral hypoglycemic
doses in diabetic patients due to their effects on glucose metabolism, potentially
enhancing insulin action.
How are glucocorticoids administered therapeutically? a) Orally, parenterally,
topically, intranasally, and by local injection b) Only intravenously c) Exclusively
through inhalation d) Intramuscularly only
a) Orally, parenterally, topically, intranasally, and by local injection
a) Orally, parenterally, topically, intranasally, and by local injection - Glucocorticoids can
be administered through various routes to target different medical conditions and
achieve therapeutic effects systemically or locally.
What should be monitored in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy? a) Blood
pressure only b) Blood glucose levels only c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk,
and infection susceptibility d) Serum electrolytes only
c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility
c) Adrenal function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility: Glucocorticoid
therapy can suppress endogenous glucocorticoid production, increase the risk of
osteoporosis, and compromise the immune system, necessitating monitoring of adrenal
function, osteoporosis risk, and infection susceptibility.
, Why is caution advised when using glucocorticoids in certain populations? a)
Due to potential risks of weight gain b) Due to their effects on lipid metabolism c)
Due to potential risks in pediatric patients, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and
those with specific medical conditions or receiving certain therapies d) Due to
their effects on thyroid function
c) Due to potential risks in pediatric patients, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and
those with specific medical conditions or receiving certain therapies
How should glucocorticoid therapy be tapered? a) Abruptly stopped b) Increased
gradually c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover d) Reduced every other
day
c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover
c) Tapered to allow adrenal glands to recover. Rationale: Tapering glucocorticoid
therapy allows the adrenal glands to gradually regain function after being suppressed by
exogenous glucocorticoid administration, preventing adrenal insufficiency and potential
withdrawal symptoms
What are the different routes of administration for glucocorticoids and their
respective clinical uses? a) Intramuscularly for skin conditions b) Intravenously
for asthma c) Orally for skin conditions d) Inhalation for asthma, oral for anti-
inflammatory effects, topical for skin conditions, and IV for emergencies like
anaphylaxis.
d) Inhalation for asthma, oral for anti-inflammatory effects, topical for skin conditions,
and IV for emergencies like anaphylaxis.
