WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND THEIR CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is accomplished by diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What causes osmotic diarrhea?
Non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water
into the bowel
What is BNP?
B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose
heart failure.
What is pleural effusion?
An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the
lungs.
If a patient's ABG shows pH at 7.29, bicarb= 25, and
PaCO2 of 55, what diagnosis is consistent with these
lab values?
Respiratory acidosis.
What causes respiratory acidosis?
Decreased ventilation causes the lungs to retain carbon
dioxide, which lowers the pH in the blood. This can be
caused by COPD, foreign body obstruction, and severe
asthma.
How does the respiratory system compensate for
acid-base disturbances?
, By changing the rate and depth of breathing. Increased
breathing rate expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates
for metabolic acidosis), while decreased breathing rate
retains CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates for metabolic
alkalosis).
Name one symptom of acidosis
Rapid breathing
What term describes a gene when the same allele is
inherited from both parents?
Homozygous
Describe the ICF (intercellular fluid) compartment.
The ICF compartment is the fluid contained within the
cells, making up for about 2/3 of the body's total water
content.
What two conditions will cause dehydration and
increase water requirements?
Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
What are phagocytic cells? Give two examples.
cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or
toxins; examples include macrophages and neutrophils.
What is Turner's syndrome? List some signs and
symptoms.
Turner's syndrome is defined as a complete or partial lack
of an X-chromosome in females. S/S include:
hypothyroidism, HTN, neck webbing, amenorrhea, short
stature, infertility, vision issues, aortic valve issues.
What are two symptoms of Huntington's disease?
Lack of control in movement, cognitive decline,
depressions, muscle spasticity, speech/swallowing
difficulty
QUESTIONS AND THEIR CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is accomplished by diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What causes osmotic diarrhea?
Non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water
into the bowel
What is BNP?
B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose
heart failure.
What is pleural effusion?
An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the
lungs.
If a patient's ABG shows pH at 7.29, bicarb= 25, and
PaCO2 of 55, what diagnosis is consistent with these
lab values?
Respiratory acidosis.
What causes respiratory acidosis?
Decreased ventilation causes the lungs to retain carbon
dioxide, which lowers the pH in the blood. This can be
caused by COPD, foreign body obstruction, and severe
asthma.
How does the respiratory system compensate for
acid-base disturbances?
, By changing the rate and depth of breathing. Increased
breathing rate expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates
for metabolic acidosis), while decreased breathing rate
retains CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates for metabolic
alkalosis).
Name one symptom of acidosis
Rapid breathing
What term describes a gene when the same allele is
inherited from both parents?
Homozygous
Describe the ICF (intercellular fluid) compartment.
The ICF compartment is the fluid contained within the
cells, making up for about 2/3 of the body's total water
content.
What two conditions will cause dehydration and
increase water requirements?
Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
What are phagocytic cells? Give two examples.
cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or
toxins; examples include macrophages and neutrophils.
What is Turner's syndrome? List some signs and
symptoms.
Turner's syndrome is defined as a complete or partial lack
of an X-chromosome in females. S/S include:
hypothyroidism, HTN, neck webbing, amenorrhea, short
stature, infertility, vision issues, aortic valve issues.
What are two symptoms of Huntington's disease?
Lack of control in movement, cognitive decline,
depressions, muscle spasticity, speech/swallowing
difficulty
