WGU D236 GOOD REVISION NOTES
Anesthesia
a state of reduced neurologic function
General Anesthesia
complete loss of consciousness and loss of body reflexes,
including paralysis of respiratory muscles
local anesthesia
no paralysis of respiratory function, elimination of pain
sensation in the tissues innervated by anesthetized nerves
Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)
local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia
Inhalational anesthestics
volatile liquids or gases that are vaporized in oxygen and
inhaled (GA)
Parenteral anesthetics
administered intravenously (GA)
Adjunct anesthetics
drug that enhances clinical therapy when used
simultaneously with another drug
Balanced anesthesia
administration of minimal doses of multiple anesthetic
drugs; more controlled/balanced
Overton-Meyer theory
potency varies directly with lipid solubility
lipid soluble drugs stronger than water soluble
, nerve cell membranes have high lipid content as well as
the BBB
Organ system changes
Vasodilation, skeletal muscle relaxation, hypotension, and
increased intracranial pressure
Indications
GA used during surgical procedures; rapid onset, quickly
metabolized; electroconvulsive therapy treatments for
depression
Contraindications
known drug allergy; depending on drug type: pregnancy,
narrow-angle glaucoma, acute porphyria, known history of
malignant hyperthermia
Adverse effects
heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
myocardial depression commonly seen
What is malignant hyperthermia?
A life-threatening condition that occurs during or after
volatile inhaled general anesthesia or the use of the
neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine.
What is a key symptom of malignant hyperthermia?
Sudden elevation in body temperature greater than 104F.
What are common signs of malignant hyperthermia?
Tachypnea, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity.
How is malignant hyperthermia treated?
With cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene, a
skeletal muscle relaxant.
Toxicity
Anesthesia
a state of reduced neurologic function
General Anesthesia
complete loss of consciousness and loss of body reflexes,
including paralysis of respiratory muscles
local anesthesia
no paralysis of respiratory function, elimination of pain
sensation in the tissues innervated by anesthetized nerves
Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)
local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia
Inhalational anesthestics
volatile liquids or gases that are vaporized in oxygen and
inhaled (GA)
Parenteral anesthetics
administered intravenously (GA)
Adjunct anesthetics
drug that enhances clinical therapy when used
simultaneously with another drug
Balanced anesthesia
administration of minimal doses of multiple anesthetic
drugs; more controlled/balanced
Overton-Meyer theory
potency varies directly with lipid solubility
lipid soluble drugs stronger than water soluble
, nerve cell membranes have high lipid content as well as
the BBB
Organ system changes
Vasodilation, skeletal muscle relaxation, hypotension, and
increased intracranial pressure
Indications
GA used during surgical procedures; rapid onset, quickly
metabolized; electroconvulsive therapy treatments for
depression
Contraindications
known drug allergy; depending on drug type: pregnancy,
narrow-angle glaucoma, acute porphyria, known history of
malignant hyperthermia
Adverse effects
heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
myocardial depression commonly seen
What is malignant hyperthermia?
A life-threatening condition that occurs during or after
volatile inhaled general anesthesia or the use of the
neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine.
What is a key symptom of malignant hyperthermia?
Sudden elevation in body temperature greater than 104F.
What are common signs of malignant hyperthermia?
Tachypnea, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity.
How is malignant hyperthermia treated?
With cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene, a
skeletal muscle relaxant.
Toxicity
