WGU D236: HOMEOSTASIS
NOTES
Intercellular Fluids
Makes up 2/3rds of bodily fluids (mainly muscle cells).
Sodium being the most abundant within the cell.
Extracellular Fluids
Fluids within blood vessels, skin tissues, and spinal cords
(CSF) making up 1/3rd of bodily fluids.
Diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration, leading
ultimately to equalization.
Osmosis
Movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
concentration to a higher concentration.
Filtration
Water and solute movement occurs from an area of high
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic
pressure. ex: kidneys
Osmolality
The number of somatically active particles per kilogram of
water. The concentration of solution.
Hypertonic
Sucks fluids out of the cell. Has an osmolality that is
greater than the body's.
Hypotonic
, Fluids are pulled out of the body and into the cell. Osmotic
pressure is more significant in the body.
Isotonic
Normal Saline
Interferons
Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to
aid and regulate the immune response.
Edema
Swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid
accumulation.
Causes of Hypervolemia
- Increased hydrostatic pressure (Increased volume). ex:
renal and heart failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure (low albumin). ex:
cirrhosis and starvation
- Increased capillary permeability. ex: bacteria (infection)
and burns
- Obstruction of the lymphatic system. ex: cancer (tumor
blockage) or infection (significant lymph nodes)
S/sx of Hypervolemia
- Weight/water gain
- Hypertension, crisis, JVD, distended veins
- Periorbital edema, pitting edema, pale/cool skin
- ALOC, headaches, weakness, and paresthesia
- Increased urinary output (Pt's with renal issues) =
decreased output
- Rapid, shallow RR, rales, fluid in lungs, pulmonary
edema
- Increased motility (diarrhea, hepatomegaly, ascites
- Decreased urine specific gravity
NOTES
Intercellular Fluids
Makes up 2/3rds of bodily fluids (mainly muscle cells).
Sodium being the most abundant within the cell.
Extracellular Fluids
Fluids within blood vessels, skin tissues, and spinal cords
(CSF) making up 1/3rd of bodily fluids.
Diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration, leading
ultimately to equalization.
Osmosis
Movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
concentration to a higher concentration.
Filtration
Water and solute movement occurs from an area of high
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic
pressure. ex: kidneys
Osmolality
The number of somatically active particles per kilogram of
water. The concentration of solution.
Hypertonic
Sucks fluids out of the cell. Has an osmolality that is
greater than the body's.
Hypotonic
, Fluids are pulled out of the body and into the cell. Osmotic
pressure is more significant in the body.
Isotonic
Normal Saline
Interferons
Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to
aid and regulate the immune response.
Edema
Swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid
accumulation.
Causes of Hypervolemia
- Increased hydrostatic pressure (Increased volume). ex:
renal and heart failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure (low albumin). ex:
cirrhosis and starvation
- Increased capillary permeability. ex: bacteria (infection)
and burns
- Obstruction of the lymphatic system. ex: cancer (tumor
blockage) or infection (significant lymph nodes)
S/sx of Hypervolemia
- Weight/water gain
- Hypertension, crisis, JVD, distended veins
- Periorbital edema, pitting edema, pale/cool skin
- ALOC, headaches, weakness, and paresthesia
- Increased urinary output (Pt's with renal issues) =
decreased output
- Rapid, shallow RR, rales, fluid in lungs, pulmonary
edema
- Increased motility (diarrhea, hepatomegaly, ascites
- Decreased urine specific gravity
