reducing the amount of land that was left
fallow
2. By the thirteenth century, Italian towns acted as intermediaries facilitating trade
between Europe and the eastern
Mediterranean
3. Medieval guilds were organized by tradesmen to govern
their own economic activities
4. William the Conqueror created a vast census of people and property
5. King John's costly war with ______ led to the France
Magna Carta
6. Representative institutions grew out of royal dependance on the nobility for
military support
7. The reform movement in the church in the emerged as a reaction against the moral
tenth and eleventh centuries laxity and worldliness that had corrupted
many monasteries and the papacy
8. The Investiture Controversy centered on the appoint bishops
right to
9. The church addressed the perceived threat of the Inquisition, a permanent tribunal that
heresy through demanded suspects disprove accusations
made against them
10. The Cathari were a radical group of religious dissenters who
departed dramatically from mainstream
Catholicism
11. The authority and prestige of the papacy was able to win in specific conflicts with
reached its height under Innocent III, partly the kings of England and France
because he
12. Which of the following barred the Jews from the Fourth Lateran Council
public office and required them to wear a
distinguishing badge on their clothing?
13. Europe experienced a revival of trade and increased political stability
commerce by the eleventh century that
stemmed in part from
14. In medieval towns women often worked alongside their
husbands in a variety of crafts
15. A primary difference between political England was conquered in 1066, in a
developments in England and in France was single event, placed a strong king on the
that throne to govern the entire country
16. The Holy Roman Empire was a weak and emperors often became embroiled in
divided state because Italian and papal politics, thus sapping
their strength at home
17. which of the following was NOT one of the almsgiving
seven sacraments of the medieval church?