, Chapter 01: Radiation Physics
n n n
MULTIPLEn CHOICE
1. Thenfundamentaln unitnofn mattern isn the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:n D
An protonn isn an subatomicn particle;n thenfundamentaln unitn ofn mattern isn thenatom.n An neutronn isnan
subatomicnparticle;nthenfundamentalnunitnofnmatternisnthenatom.n Annelectronnisnansubatom
icnparticle;nthenfundamentalnunitnofnmatternisnthenatom.nThenfundamentaln unitnofnmatternisnt
henatom.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:n 1
TOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsn ofn x-radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
2. Thennucleusn ofnann atomncontains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsn andn neutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:n C
Thennucleusnofnannatomncontainsnneutronsnasnwellnasnprotons.nThennucleusnofnannatomnc
ontainsnprotonsnasn wellnasnneutrons.n Thennucleusnofnannatomncontainsnprotonsnandnne
utrons.nThennucleusnofnannatomndoesnnotncontainnelectrons;nitncontainsnprotonsnandnneut
rons.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:n 2
TOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsn ofn x-radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
, 3. Whichn subatomicn particlen carriesn an negativen electricaln charge?
a. An neutron
b. An proton
c. Ann electron
d. Annucleon
ANS:n C
An neutronn doesn notn carryn ann electricaln charge.n An protonn carriesn an positiven electricaln charge.nAnn
electronn carriesn annegativen electricalncharge.n An nucleonn carriesn an positiven (proton)n or
non (neutron)n electricaln charge.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
4. Whichnofn then followingnelementsn isn thensimplestn atom?
a. Hydrogenn (Hn #1)
b. Heliumn (Hen #2)
c. Nitrogenn (Nn #7)
d. Oxygenn (On #8)
ANS:n A
Atomicnnumbersnarenassignednfromnsimplestntonmostncomplex.nHydrogennisnthensimplestnat
om;nwithnansinglenproton,nitnhasnannatomicnnumbernofn1.nHeliumnhasnannatomicnnumbernofn2
.n Nitrogenn hasnann atomicnnumbern ofn7.n Oxygenn hasn ann atomicnnumbern ofn 8.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofradiophysicsnandnradiobiology
, 5. Whichnofn then followingnstatementsn isn truen ofnorbitsn orn shellsninnthenatom?
a. Protonsntraveln aroundn thennucleusn inn well-
definedn shells.
b. Ann atomn containsn innumerablen shells.
c. Thenenergyn leveln withinn eachn shelln isn the
same.
d. Thenorbitingn shelln closestn ton then nucleus
hasn then highestn energyn level.
ANS:n D
Electronsntravelnaroundnthennucleusninnwell-
definednshells.nAnn atomncontainsnanmaximumnofnsevennshells.nEachnofnthenmaximumnsevenn
shellsnwithinnannatomnrepresentsnandifferentnenergynlevel.nThenorbitingnshellnclosestntonthennu
cleusnhasnthenhighestnenergynlevel.nThenKnshellnisnthenorbitingn shelln closestntonthennucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
6. Thenbindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronn is
a. determinedn bynthendistancen betweenn the
neutronsn andn protonsn withinn then nucleus.
b. determinedn bynthendistancen betweenn the
orbitingn electronsn andn thennucleus.
c. weakern forn electronsn locatedn inn inner
shellsnthann inn outern shells.
d. determinedn bynthen atomicn number.
ANS:n B
Then bindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronn isn determinedn byn then distancen betweennt
hennucleusn andn then orbitingn electron.n Thenbindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronnisn
determinednbynthendistancenbetweennthenorbitingnelectronnandnthennucleus,nnotnthendistancenb
etweennthenorbitingnelectrons.nThenbindingnenergynornbindingnforcen ofn annelectronnisnstrong
ern forn electronsn locatedn inninnern shellsn thann forn outernshells.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:nnn 2 TOP:n CDA,n N/A
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofradiophysicsnandnradiobiology
n n n
MULTIPLEn CHOICE
1. Thenfundamentaln unitnofn mattern isn the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:n D
An protonn isn an subatomicn particle;n thenfundamentaln unitn ofn mattern isn thenatom.n An neutronn isnan
subatomicnparticle;nthenfundamentalnunitnofnmatternisnthenatom.n Annelectronnisnansubatom
icnparticle;nthenfundamentalnunitnofnmatternisnthenatom.nThenfundamentaln unitnofnmatternisnt
henatom.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:n 1
TOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsn ofn x-radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
2. Thennucleusn ofnann atomncontains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsn andn neutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:n C
Thennucleusnofnannatomncontainsnneutronsnasnwellnasnprotons.nThennucleusnofnannatomnc
ontainsnprotonsnasn wellnasnneutrons.n Thennucleusnofnannatomncontainsnprotonsnandnne
utrons.nThennucleusnofnannatomndoesnnotncontainnelectrons;nitncontainsnprotonsnandnneut
rons.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:n 2
TOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsn ofn x-radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
, 3. Whichn subatomicn particlen carriesn an negativen electricaln charge?
a. An neutron
b. An proton
c. Ann electron
d. Annucleon
ANS:n C
An neutronn doesn notn carryn ann electricaln charge.n An protonn carriesn an positiven electricaln charge.nAnn
electronn carriesn annegativen electricalncharge.n An nucleonn carriesn an positiven (proton)n or
non (neutron)n electricaln charge.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
4. Whichnofn then followingnelementsn isn thensimplestn atom?
a. Hydrogenn (Hn #1)
b. Heliumn (Hen #2)
c. Nitrogenn (Nn #7)
d. Oxygenn (On #8)
ANS:n A
Atomicnnumbersnarenassignednfromnsimplestntonmostncomplex.nHydrogennisnthensimplestnat
om;nwithnansinglenproton,nitnhasnannatomicnnumbernofn1.nHeliumnhasnannatomicnnumbernofn2
.n Nitrogenn hasnann atomicnnumbern ofn7.n Oxygenn hasn ann atomicnnumbern ofn 8.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofradiophysicsnandnradiobiology
, 5. Whichnofn then followingnstatementsn isn truen ofnorbitsn orn shellsninnthenatom?
a. Protonsntraveln aroundn thennucleusn inn well-
definedn shells.
b. Ann atomn containsn innumerablen shells.
c. Thenenergyn leveln withinn eachn shelln isn the
same.
d. Thenorbitingn shelln closestn ton then nucleus
hasn then highestn energyn level.
ANS:n D
Electronsntravelnaroundnthennucleusninnwell-
definednshells.nAnn atomncontainsnanmaximumnofnsevennshells.nEachnofnthenmaximumnsevenn
shellsnwithinnannatomnrepresentsnandifferentnenergynlevel.nThenorbitingnshellnclosestntonthennu
cleusnhasnthenhighestnenergynlevel.nThenKnshellnisnthenorbitingn shelln closestntonthennucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF:nnn Pagen8
OBJ:n2nTOP:n CDA,n RHS,n III.B.2.n Describen then characteristicsnofnx-
radiation
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofnradiophysi
csnandnradiobiology
6. Thenbindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronn is
a. determinedn bynthendistancen betweenn the
neutronsn andn protonsn withinn then nucleus.
b. determinedn bynthendistancen betweenn the
orbitingn electronsn andn thennucleus.
c. weakern forn electronsn locatedn inn inner
shellsnthann inn outern shells.
d. determinedn bynthen atomicn number.
ANS:n B
Then bindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronn isn determinedn byn then distancen betweennt
hennucleusn andn then orbitingn electron.n Thenbindingn energyn orn bindingn forcen ofn ann electronnisn
determinednbynthendistancenbetweennthenorbitingnelectronnandnthennucleus,nnotnthendistancenb
etweennthenorbitingnelectrons.nThenbindingnenergynornbindingnforcen ofn annelectronnisnstrong
ern forn electronsn locatedn inninnern shellsn thann forn outernshells.
DIF: Recall REF:nnn Pagen8 OBJ:nnn 2 TOP:n CDA,n N/A
MSC:n NBDHE,n 2.0n Obtainingn andn Interpretingn Radiographsn |n NBDHE,n 2.1n Principlesn ofradiophysicsnandnradiobiology
