PSYCH 351D Chapter 12 Questions and Answers
What are the systems in the brain that control emotion and motivation? ** Answer**
•Hypothalamus
•Limbic system
•Frontal lobes
Explain the results of Ethan Kross and colleagues (2011) studying the pain of rejection **
Answer** Social and physical pain overlap in the brain but are mediated by different systems
and relived differently: Reliving social pain activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas
relieving
physical pain activates the somatosensory cortex.
Social rejection also activates the default network, which extends far beyond the
anterior cingulate and insular area
Explain the innate releasing mechanisms (IRM's) ** Answer** Hypothetical mechanism that
detects specific sensory stimuli
and directs an organism to take a particular action or inborn adaptive responses that aid an
animal's survival
Explain the results of Bryan Kolb and Arthur Nonneman (1975) studying innate releasing
mechanisms in cats ** Answer** although never seeing another adult cat besides their
mother, kittens would be come defensive when presented with a picture of an adult cat indicating
that there is an innate trigger for this behaviour
Explain the results of Tiffany Field and colleagues (1982) studying innate releasing mechanisms
in babies ** Answer** Babies innately matched facial expressions of adults even when they
were too young to be imitating the adult faces intentionally.
,What is evolutionary psychology and do evolutionary psychologists believe? ** Answer**
they seek to apply principles of natural selection to reveal
causes of human behavior and suggest that behaviors exist because the neural circuits producing
them have been favored through natural selection
explain B.F. skinners research on environmental influences on behaviour ** Answer**
Suggested learning plays a vital role in behavior and posited experience shapes behavior by
pairing stimuli and reinforcer
What is learned taste aversion? ** Answer** Acquired association between a specific taste
or odor and
illness
Explain the case of Garcia (1966) for learned taste aversion ** Answer** Coyotes were
killing sheep so they poisoned sheep carcass made coyotes ill; most coyotes learned never to eat
sheep again
What is preparedness? ** Answer** Predisposition to respond to certain stimuli differently
than to
other stimuli
_____ is the discipline that seeks to apply principles of natural selection to understand the causes
of human behavior.
a. Clinical psychology
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Evolutionary psychology
d. Behavioral psychology ** Answer** c. Evolutionary psychology
The predisposition to respond to certain stimuli differently from other stimuli is called _____.
, a. aversion
b. environment
c. preparedness
d. operant conditioning ** Answer** c. preparedness
Explain how the hypothalamus is crucial for motivation and motivated behaviour ** Answer**
Is critical neural structure in producing motivated behavior; receives projections from all major
nervous system subdivision
Explain Larry Swanson's behavioral control column ** Answer** the hypothalamus acts to
organize cerebral inputs and
produce feedback loops that regulate cerebral information to orchestrate homeostasis and
motivated behavior
What are regulatory behaviours and provide some examples ** Answer** Motivated to meet
the survival needs of the animal and is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms that include
the hypothalamus
Examples
•Internal body temperature; set point
•water levels
•Balance of dietary nutrients; salt consumption
•Blood-sugar levels
•Waste elimination
What are non-regulatory behaviours and provide some examples ** Answer** Not required
to meet the basic survival needs of the animal; not controlled by homeostatic mechanisms and
mostly involves a variety of forebrain structures, especially the frontal lobes
Examples
•Sexual behaviors
What are the systems in the brain that control emotion and motivation? ** Answer**
•Hypothalamus
•Limbic system
•Frontal lobes
Explain the results of Ethan Kross and colleagues (2011) studying the pain of rejection **
Answer** Social and physical pain overlap in the brain but are mediated by different systems
and relived differently: Reliving social pain activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas
relieving
physical pain activates the somatosensory cortex.
Social rejection also activates the default network, which extends far beyond the
anterior cingulate and insular area
Explain the innate releasing mechanisms (IRM's) ** Answer** Hypothetical mechanism that
detects specific sensory stimuli
and directs an organism to take a particular action or inborn adaptive responses that aid an
animal's survival
Explain the results of Bryan Kolb and Arthur Nonneman (1975) studying innate releasing
mechanisms in cats ** Answer** although never seeing another adult cat besides their
mother, kittens would be come defensive when presented with a picture of an adult cat indicating
that there is an innate trigger for this behaviour
Explain the results of Tiffany Field and colleagues (1982) studying innate releasing mechanisms
in babies ** Answer** Babies innately matched facial expressions of adults even when they
were too young to be imitating the adult faces intentionally.
,What is evolutionary psychology and do evolutionary psychologists believe? ** Answer**
they seek to apply principles of natural selection to reveal
causes of human behavior and suggest that behaviors exist because the neural circuits producing
them have been favored through natural selection
explain B.F. skinners research on environmental influences on behaviour ** Answer**
Suggested learning plays a vital role in behavior and posited experience shapes behavior by
pairing stimuli and reinforcer
What is learned taste aversion? ** Answer** Acquired association between a specific taste
or odor and
illness
Explain the case of Garcia (1966) for learned taste aversion ** Answer** Coyotes were
killing sheep so they poisoned sheep carcass made coyotes ill; most coyotes learned never to eat
sheep again
What is preparedness? ** Answer** Predisposition to respond to certain stimuli differently
than to
other stimuli
_____ is the discipline that seeks to apply principles of natural selection to understand the causes
of human behavior.
a. Clinical psychology
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Evolutionary psychology
d. Behavioral psychology ** Answer** c. Evolutionary psychology
The predisposition to respond to certain stimuli differently from other stimuli is called _____.
, a. aversion
b. environment
c. preparedness
d. operant conditioning ** Answer** c. preparedness
Explain how the hypothalamus is crucial for motivation and motivated behaviour ** Answer**
Is critical neural structure in producing motivated behavior; receives projections from all major
nervous system subdivision
Explain Larry Swanson's behavioral control column ** Answer** the hypothalamus acts to
organize cerebral inputs and
produce feedback loops that regulate cerebral information to orchestrate homeostasis and
motivated behavior
What are regulatory behaviours and provide some examples ** Answer** Motivated to meet
the survival needs of the animal and is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms that include
the hypothalamus
Examples
•Internal body temperature; set point
•water levels
•Balance of dietary nutrients; salt consumption
•Blood-sugar levels
•Waste elimination
What are non-regulatory behaviours and provide some examples ** Answer** Not required
to meet the basic survival needs of the animal; not controlled by homeostatic mechanisms and
mostly involves a variety of forebrain structures, especially the frontal lobes
Examples
•Sexual behaviors
