NUR 3226
Nursing Care of Adults I
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic
kidney disease (CKD) in adults?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Glomerulonephritis
- D. Polycystic kidney disease
- ANS: B
- Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic
kidney disease due to the damage high blood sugar levels can
cause to the kidneys over time.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary goal of treatment for a patient with
congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Reduce cardiac workload
- C. Promote weight gain
- D. Increase sodium intake
- ANS: B
- Rationale: The primary goal of treatment for CHF is to
reduce the cardiac workload to improve heart function and
prevent further damage.
3. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a
nurse managing a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
- A. Encouraging deep breathing exercises
- B. Administering high-flow oxygen therapy
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Providing a high-protein diet
- ANS: B
- Rationale: High-flow oxygen therapy is essential in
managing ARDS to ensure adequate oxygenation and support
respiratory function.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which the heart muscle is damaged due to a
lack of oxygen is called __________.
- ANS: Myocardial infarction
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a
heart attack, occurs when the heart muscle is damaged due to a
lack of oxygen.
5. __________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation
of fluid in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
- ANS: Pulmonary edema
- Rationale: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in
the lungs, which can impair gas exchange and cause breathing
difficulties.
6. The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for
regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood
pressure.
- ANS: Medulla oblongata
- Rationale: The medulla oblongata regulates autonomic
functions, including heart rate and blood pressure.
True/False Questions
©2024/2025
, 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily
caused by genetic factors.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: COPD is primarily caused by environmental
factors, such as smoking and exposure to pollutants, rather than
genetic factors.
8. Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood pressure reading
of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood
pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
9. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for
developing cardiovascular disease.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of
cardiovascular disease due to the associated metabolic
abnormalities and vascular damage.
Multiple Response Questions
10. Which of the following are common symptoms of chronic
kidney disease (CKD)? (Select all that apply)
- A. Fatigue
©2024/2025
Nursing Care of Adults I
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic
kidney disease (CKD) in adults?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Glomerulonephritis
- D. Polycystic kidney disease
- ANS: B
- Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic
kidney disease due to the damage high blood sugar levels can
cause to the kidneys over time.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary goal of treatment for a patient with
congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Reduce cardiac workload
- C. Promote weight gain
- D. Increase sodium intake
- ANS: B
- Rationale: The primary goal of treatment for CHF is to
reduce the cardiac workload to improve heart function and
prevent further damage.
3. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a
nurse managing a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
- A. Encouraging deep breathing exercises
- B. Administering high-flow oxygen therapy
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Providing a high-protein diet
- ANS: B
- Rationale: High-flow oxygen therapy is essential in
managing ARDS to ensure adequate oxygenation and support
respiratory function.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which the heart muscle is damaged due to a
lack of oxygen is called __________.
- ANS: Myocardial infarction
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a
heart attack, occurs when the heart muscle is damaged due to a
lack of oxygen.
5. __________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation
of fluid in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
- ANS: Pulmonary edema
- Rationale: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in
the lungs, which can impair gas exchange and cause breathing
difficulties.
6. The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for
regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood
pressure.
- ANS: Medulla oblongata
- Rationale: The medulla oblongata regulates autonomic
functions, including heart rate and blood pressure.
True/False Questions
©2024/2025
, 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily
caused by genetic factors.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: COPD is primarily caused by environmental
factors, such as smoking and exposure to pollutants, rather than
genetic factors.
8. Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood pressure reading
of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood
pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
9. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for
developing cardiovascular disease.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of
cardiovascular disease due to the associated metabolic
abnormalities and vascular damage.
Multiple Response Questions
10. Which of the following are common symptoms of chronic
kidney disease (CKD)? (Select all that apply)
- A. Fatigue
©2024/2025
