Test Bank for Cerebral Vascular Accident- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version
(2025-2026) Already Passed
Middle Cerebral Artery - Answers most commonly involved in a stroke
Middle Cerebral Artery - Answers occlusion causes contralateral hemiplegia, with sensory and motor
deficits in the face and upper extremity greater than lower extremity, contralateral homonymous
hemianopsia.
aphasia - Answers Infarction in the dominant left hemisphere of the MCA often produces...
perceptual deficits - Answers Infarction in the right (non-dominant) hemisphere of the MCA often results
in...
global aphasia - Answers Occlusion of the main stem of the MCA may result in...
Anterior Cerebral Artery - Answers 1)Lower extremity has greater sensorimotor deficits than upper
extremity
2) urinary incontinence
3) can result in mental impairments such as confusion, amnesia, apathy, or short attention span
Posterior Cerebral Artery - Answers 1) various visual deficits (e.g., homonymous hemianopsia, visual
agnosia, prosopagnosia)
2) aphasia and thalamic pain syndrome can also result
3) can also cause hemiplegia if cerebral peduncle of midbrain involved
Vertebral-Basilar Artery - Answers 1) often results in death from edema associated with infarct
2) if the patient survives and the lesion affects the pons, the result could be quadriparxsis and bulbar
palsy or a "locked-in" state whereby the patient can communicate by only eye blinking
vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia, and various cranial nerve impairments - Answers
Vertebral artery symptoms can include...
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery - Answers Results in unilateral deafness, loss of pain and temperature
on the contralateral side, paresis of lateral gaze, unilateral Horner's syndrome, plus ataxia, vertigo, and
nystagmus
Superior Cerebellar Artery - Answers results in severe ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, and contralateral
loss of pain and temperature
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery - Answers Results in Wallenberg's syndrome, which is characterized
by vertigo, nausea, hoarseness, dysphagia, ptosis, and decreased impairment of sensation in the
ipsilateral face and contralateral torso and limbs. Horners syndrome might also appear.
, Upper extremity flexion synergy - Answers -scapular elevation and retraction
-shoulder abduction and external rotation
-elbow flexion (generally strongest component)
-forearm supination and wrist/finger flexion
Upper extremity extension synergy - Answers -scapular depression and protraction
-Shoulder adduction and internal rotation
- elbow extension
- forearm pronation and wrist/finger flexion
Lower extremity flexion synergy - Answers -hip flexion (generally the strongest component), abduction,
external rotation
-knee flexion
-ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
-toe dorsiflexion
Lower extremity extension synergy - Answers -hip extension, adduction, and internal rotation
-knee extension
-ankle plantar flexion and inversion
-toe plantarflexion
upper extremity flexor and lower extremity extensor synergies - Answers What are the most common
synergies in adults following a stroke?
Lower extremity flexor synergy (e.g., adductor or scissor gait - Answers Individuals who sustain an upper
motor lesion (e.g., cerebral palsy) as an infant or child often develop what type of synergy?
Hypotonicity - Answers 1) low or flaccid tone with risk of joint subluxation or dislocation. Must protect
joints with splinting/ positioning
2)hypoactive reflexes and shallow breathing patterns
Treatment for hypotonicity - Answers 1) work for joint compression and facilitation to help normalize
tone
2) use resistance of functioning muscles and isometric holding to increase activation of inactive muscles
(2025-2026) Already Passed
Middle Cerebral Artery - Answers most commonly involved in a stroke
Middle Cerebral Artery - Answers occlusion causes contralateral hemiplegia, with sensory and motor
deficits in the face and upper extremity greater than lower extremity, contralateral homonymous
hemianopsia.
aphasia - Answers Infarction in the dominant left hemisphere of the MCA often produces...
perceptual deficits - Answers Infarction in the right (non-dominant) hemisphere of the MCA often results
in...
global aphasia - Answers Occlusion of the main stem of the MCA may result in...
Anterior Cerebral Artery - Answers 1)Lower extremity has greater sensorimotor deficits than upper
extremity
2) urinary incontinence
3) can result in mental impairments such as confusion, amnesia, apathy, or short attention span
Posterior Cerebral Artery - Answers 1) various visual deficits (e.g., homonymous hemianopsia, visual
agnosia, prosopagnosia)
2) aphasia and thalamic pain syndrome can also result
3) can also cause hemiplegia if cerebral peduncle of midbrain involved
Vertebral-Basilar Artery - Answers 1) often results in death from edema associated with infarct
2) if the patient survives and the lesion affects the pons, the result could be quadriparxsis and bulbar
palsy or a "locked-in" state whereby the patient can communicate by only eye blinking
vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia, and various cranial nerve impairments - Answers
Vertebral artery symptoms can include...
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery - Answers Results in unilateral deafness, loss of pain and temperature
on the contralateral side, paresis of lateral gaze, unilateral Horner's syndrome, plus ataxia, vertigo, and
nystagmus
Superior Cerebellar Artery - Answers results in severe ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, and contralateral
loss of pain and temperature
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery - Answers Results in Wallenberg's syndrome, which is characterized
by vertigo, nausea, hoarseness, dysphagia, ptosis, and decreased impairment of sensation in the
ipsilateral face and contralateral torso and limbs. Horners syndrome might also appear.
, Upper extremity flexion synergy - Answers -scapular elevation and retraction
-shoulder abduction and external rotation
-elbow flexion (generally strongest component)
-forearm supination and wrist/finger flexion
Upper extremity extension synergy - Answers -scapular depression and protraction
-Shoulder adduction and internal rotation
- elbow extension
- forearm pronation and wrist/finger flexion
Lower extremity flexion synergy - Answers -hip flexion (generally the strongest component), abduction,
external rotation
-knee flexion
-ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
-toe dorsiflexion
Lower extremity extension synergy - Answers -hip extension, adduction, and internal rotation
-knee extension
-ankle plantar flexion and inversion
-toe plantarflexion
upper extremity flexor and lower extremity extensor synergies - Answers What are the most common
synergies in adults following a stroke?
Lower extremity flexor synergy (e.g., adductor or scissor gait - Answers Individuals who sustain an upper
motor lesion (e.g., cerebral palsy) as an infant or child often develop what type of synergy?
Hypotonicity - Answers 1) low or flaccid tone with risk of joint subluxation or dislocation. Must protect
joints with splinting/ positioning
2)hypoactive reflexes and shallow breathing patterns
Treatment for hypotonicity - Answers 1) work for joint compression and facilitation to help normalize
tone
2) use resistance of functioning muscles and isometric holding to increase activation of inactive muscles
