EOS 120 Final Exam Study Notes (past midterm material)
1. what is rock deformation and where does it occur?: When rocks become deformed when the Earth's crust is
compressed or stretched and is mostly at or near plate boundaries
2. what are the 3 types of rock deformation and what do they depend on?: ex- tension
compression lateral shift
3. What is extension rock deformation?: when the rock is stretched and thinned
4. What is compression rock deformation?: the shortening and thickening of rock
5. What is lateral shift rock deformation?: Lateral shift rock deformation involves horizontal movement of rocks
along a fault plane, often caused by tectonic forces
6. what is joint rock deformation?: they are brittle rock deformation caused by cooling and shrinking of rocks and
doesn't have movement
7. what is fault rock deformation?: these are displacements along a fracture
8. What are strike-slip faults?: they are horizontal faults and occur at transform boundaries
9. what is normal and reversed dip slip faults ?: normal dip split faults are hanging walls that go down are
caused by external stress
reversed slip faults are hanging walls that go up and are caused by compressional stress
10.what are fold rock deformations?: they are ductile and are made of compres- sional stress
11.what do anticlines folds make?: they make an A shape
12.What do syncline folds make?: they make a V shape
13.how do you measure the strike and dip of a rock deformation?: the strike is measured across the slope
the dip is measured down the slope
14.when does an earthquake occur?: when the elastic limit of the material is exceeded, and when this happens
there is a "snap" which is the earthquake releasing the pent up energy as seismic waves
15.what is the hypocenter and epicenter of an earthquake?: the hypocenter is the exact point of the rupture in the
earth
the epicenter is the point on the surface that is aboce the hypocenter
16.how do we measure earthquakes?: a seismograph network and measures the amount of energy released
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, EOS 120 Final Exam Study Notes (past midterm material)
17.what are P waves, S waves, and surface waves?: P waves are primary waves, which are compression waves, and
can travel through solid rock, liquid, and gas
S waves are secondary waves and travel perpendicular to the wave direction and
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15
1. what is rock deformation and where does it occur?: When rocks become deformed when the Earth's crust is
compressed or stretched and is mostly at or near plate boundaries
2. what are the 3 types of rock deformation and what do they depend on?: ex- tension
compression lateral shift
3. What is extension rock deformation?: when the rock is stretched and thinned
4. What is compression rock deformation?: the shortening and thickening of rock
5. What is lateral shift rock deformation?: Lateral shift rock deformation involves horizontal movement of rocks
along a fault plane, often caused by tectonic forces
6. what is joint rock deformation?: they are brittle rock deformation caused by cooling and shrinking of rocks and
doesn't have movement
7. what is fault rock deformation?: these are displacements along a fracture
8. What are strike-slip faults?: they are horizontal faults and occur at transform boundaries
9. what is normal and reversed dip slip faults ?: normal dip split faults are hanging walls that go down are
caused by external stress
reversed slip faults are hanging walls that go up and are caused by compressional stress
10.what are fold rock deformations?: they are ductile and are made of compres- sional stress
11.what do anticlines folds make?: they make an A shape
12.What do syncline folds make?: they make a V shape
13.how do you measure the strike and dip of a rock deformation?: the strike is measured across the slope
the dip is measured down the slope
14.when does an earthquake occur?: when the elastic limit of the material is exceeded, and when this happens
there is a "snap" which is the earthquake releasing the pent up energy as seismic waves
15.what is the hypocenter and epicenter of an earthquake?: the hypocenter is the exact point of the rupture in the
earth
the epicenter is the point on the surface that is aboce the hypocenter
16.how do we measure earthquakes?: a seismograph network and measures the amount of energy released
1/
15
, EOS 120 Final Exam Study Notes (past midterm material)
17.what are P waves, S waves, and surface waves?: P waves are primary waves, which are compression waves, and
can travel through solid rock, liquid, and gas
S waves are secondary waves and travel perpendicular to the wave direction and
2/
15
