EOS 170 MODULE B: EARTHQUAKES
1. What are the 4 types of faults?: normal, reverse, thrust, strike-slip
2. what is a reverse fault?: a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
3. what is a normal fault and provide an example: a type of dip-slip fault where the hanging wall moves downwards
from the footwall caused by horizontal tension stress
4. what is strike-slip fault and provide an example: a type of fault caused when 2 chunks of earth slide past each
other due to shear stress and occurs at subduction fore-arcs and continental shear zones
5. what is an oblique slip fault and provide an example: the combination of several types of faults
6. for the earthquake cycle what is the initial condition, interseismic phase, and coseismic phase?: Initial
condition = before the earthquake
Interseimic phase = between earthquake
Coseismic phase = phase during an earthquake
7. What are the 2 types of seismic body waves?: P waves and S waves
8. What are the 2 types of surface waves?: Love waves and Rayleigh waves
9. how do P-waves and S-waves differ?: P waves oscillate parallel to their direc- tion of travel, whereas S waves
oscillate perpendicular to their direction of travel and P waves can pass through liquids, whereas S waves cannot.
10.What are love waves?: side-to-side motion of the ground surface
11.What are Rayleigh waves?: Type of seismic wave that rolls along the ground just like wave rolls in sea or ocean
12. How much more powerful would a one unit of magnitude increase be? What about a two unit magnitude
increase?: One unit increase in MW = 10^1.5 = 31.6 x increase in moment
Two unit increase in MW = 10^3 or 1,000 increase in moment
13.A magnitude 2-3 earthquake would be considered a earthquake, a magnitude 4-5 would be
considered a earthquake, a magnitude 6-7
earthquake would be considered a earthquake, a magnitude 8-9 earth- quake would
be considered a earthquake: MW 2-3 = small earthquakes MW 4-5 =
moderate earthquakes
MW 6-7 = large earthquakes MW 8-9 = great
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, EOS 170 MODULE B: EARTHQUAKES
earthquakes
14.How does geology control earthquake intensity: An active plate boundary produces strong attenuation and
more faults
Tectonically inactive areas produce fewer active faults and weaker attenuation
2/
9
1. What are the 4 types of faults?: normal, reverse, thrust, strike-slip
2. what is a reverse fault?: a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
3. what is a normal fault and provide an example: a type of dip-slip fault where the hanging wall moves downwards
from the footwall caused by horizontal tension stress
4. what is strike-slip fault and provide an example: a type of fault caused when 2 chunks of earth slide past each
other due to shear stress and occurs at subduction fore-arcs and continental shear zones
5. what is an oblique slip fault and provide an example: the combination of several types of faults
6. for the earthquake cycle what is the initial condition, interseismic phase, and coseismic phase?: Initial
condition = before the earthquake
Interseimic phase = between earthquake
Coseismic phase = phase during an earthquake
7. What are the 2 types of seismic body waves?: P waves and S waves
8. What are the 2 types of surface waves?: Love waves and Rayleigh waves
9. how do P-waves and S-waves differ?: P waves oscillate parallel to their direc- tion of travel, whereas S waves
oscillate perpendicular to their direction of travel and P waves can pass through liquids, whereas S waves cannot.
10.What are love waves?: side-to-side motion of the ground surface
11.What are Rayleigh waves?: Type of seismic wave that rolls along the ground just like wave rolls in sea or ocean
12. How much more powerful would a one unit of magnitude increase be? What about a two unit magnitude
increase?: One unit increase in MW = 10^1.5 = 31.6 x increase in moment
Two unit increase in MW = 10^3 or 1,000 increase in moment
13.A magnitude 2-3 earthquake would be considered a earthquake, a magnitude 4-5 would be
considered a earthquake, a magnitude 6-7
earthquake would be considered a earthquake, a magnitude 8-9 earth- quake would
be considered a earthquake: MW 2-3 = small earthquakes MW 4-5 =
moderate earthquakes
MW 6-7 = large earthquakes MW 8-9 = great
1/
9
, EOS 170 MODULE B: EARTHQUAKES
earthquakes
14.How does geology control earthquake intensity: An active plate boundary produces strong attenuation and
more faults
Tectonically inactive areas produce fewer active faults and weaker attenuation
2/
9
