PSYCH 351D midterm 2 condensed set
1. What are regulatory and non-regulatory behaviours?: regulatory behaviors to meet an animal's survival such as
eating, drinking, sleeping
non-regulatory behaviors are unnecessary to basic survival needs, do not involve homeostatic mechanisms. Most do not
involve the hypothalamus
2. What is the role of sensory receptors?: to transduce, or rather convert, energy from the environment such as light
into neural activity
3. What is the receptive field: the area the world to which a receptor responds - aka the region of sensory space
4. Explain the topographic map of brain: A neural-spatial representation of the body or of the areas of the sensory
world perceived by a sensory organ
5. How does sensation and perception differ: Sensation: registration by sensory organs of physical stimuli from the
environment
Perception: subjective experiences of sensation - us making sense of what is out there in the world
6. explain the role of the lens: it focuses light
7. explain the role of the Iris: opens and closes to allow in light. Role in iris is the pupil
8. explain the role of the retina: the light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye consisting of neurons and
photoreceptors
9. explain the role of the fovea: the depressed center of the retina, packed with photoreceptors
10.explain the role of the blind spot and what is it also known as: the small area of the retina known as the optic
disk - where blood vessels enter and exit the eye and where fibers leading from retinal neuron from the eye. No
photoreceptors at this location
11.What are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye and how do they differ: Rods: the more numerous kind.
Rods are sensitive to low levels of brightness and function mainly for night vision.
Cones: fewer in number relative to rods. Cones are sensitive to bright light, mediate both colour vision and our ability to
fine detail
12.Photoreceptors are connected to two layers of retinal neurons, what are they?: the first layer which is
comprised of bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells
, PSYCH 351D midterm 2 condensed set
the second layer composed of retinal ganglia cells (RGCs)
13.What is glaucoma and what causes it and ow can it be treated?: a disease that damage the optic nerve,
impairing vision that can be caused by infection or
, PSYCH 351D midterm 2 condensed set
trauma
can be treated with the replacement or repair of retinal ganglia cells
14.What is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and its importance: it sends sensory projection to nuclei of the thalamus
and plays an essential role in normal visual processing.
15.What are magnocellular (m-cells) and parvocellular cells (p-cells) and how do they differ in function?:
Magnocellular cells: large visual system neurons in the LGN of the thalamus that are sensitive to light
Parvocellular cells: small visual system neurons in the LGN that are sensitive to color
16.Explain the Geniculostriate system: it is the pathway for processing an objects image
17.Explain the tectopulvinar pathway: it is the pathway for directing rapid eye movements
18.Explain the retinohypothalamic pathway: it is the pathway that send informa- tion to the hypothalamus
19.the "what" pathway is the stream, and information goes to the
: ventral stream; to the temporal lobe
20.the "how" pathway is the stream, and information goes to the
: dorsal stream; to the parietal lobe
21.What are blobs and interblobs in the V1: blobs are regions that contain neurons that are sensitive to
colour
interblobs are the regions that separate blobs
22.Explain the V2 area of the occipital cortex: it has thick and thin stripes that processes details about objects
such as colour, distance, depth, etc
23.Explain the receptive field hierarchy of V1: the receptive field of many gan- glion cells combine to form the
receptive field of a single LGN cell
the receptive field of many LGN cells combine to from the receptive field of a single V1 cell
24.The V1 area of the occipital lobe receives its main visual input from the of the thalamus and
sends its main output to subsequent
: It receives its main visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN), and sends
1. What are regulatory and non-regulatory behaviours?: regulatory behaviors to meet an animal's survival such as
eating, drinking, sleeping
non-regulatory behaviors are unnecessary to basic survival needs, do not involve homeostatic mechanisms. Most do not
involve the hypothalamus
2. What is the role of sensory receptors?: to transduce, or rather convert, energy from the environment such as light
into neural activity
3. What is the receptive field: the area the world to which a receptor responds - aka the region of sensory space
4. Explain the topographic map of brain: A neural-spatial representation of the body or of the areas of the sensory
world perceived by a sensory organ
5. How does sensation and perception differ: Sensation: registration by sensory organs of physical stimuli from the
environment
Perception: subjective experiences of sensation - us making sense of what is out there in the world
6. explain the role of the lens: it focuses light
7. explain the role of the Iris: opens and closes to allow in light. Role in iris is the pupil
8. explain the role of the retina: the light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye consisting of neurons and
photoreceptors
9. explain the role of the fovea: the depressed center of the retina, packed with photoreceptors
10.explain the role of the blind spot and what is it also known as: the small area of the retina known as the optic
disk - where blood vessels enter and exit the eye and where fibers leading from retinal neuron from the eye. No
photoreceptors at this location
11.What are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye and how do they differ: Rods: the more numerous kind.
Rods are sensitive to low levels of brightness and function mainly for night vision.
Cones: fewer in number relative to rods. Cones are sensitive to bright light, mediate both colour vision and our ability to
fine detail
12.Photoreceptors are connected to two layers of retinal neurons, what are they?: the first layer which is
comprised of bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells
, PSYCH 351D midterm 2 condensed set
the second layer composed of retinal ganglia cells (RGCs)
13.What is glaucoma and what causes it and ow can it be treated?: a disease that damage the optic nerve,
impairing vision that can be caused by infection or
, PSYCH 351D midterm 2 condensed set
trauma
can be treated with the replacement or repair of retinal ganglia cells
14.What is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and its importance: it sends sensory projection to nuclei of the thalamus
and plays an essential role in normal visual processing.
15.What are magnocellular (m-cells) and parvocellular cells (p-cells) and how do they differ in function?:
Magnocellular cells: large visual system neurons in the LGN of the thalamus that are sensitive to light
Parvocellular cells: small visual system neurons in the LGN that are sensitive to color
16.Explain the Geniculostriate system: it is the pathway for processing an objects image
17.Explain the tectopulvinar pathway: it is the pathway for directing rapid eye movements
18.Explain the retinohypothalamic pathway: it is the pathway that send informa- tion to the hypothalamus
19.the "what" pathway is the stream, and information goes to the
: ventral stream; to the temporal lobe
20.the "how" pathway is the stream, and information goes to the
: dorsal stream; to the parietal lobe
21.What are blobs and interblobs in the V1: blobs are regions that contain neurons that are sensitive to
colour
interblobs are the regions that separate blobs
22.Explain the V2 area of the occipital cortex: it has thick and thin stripes that processes details about objects
such as colour, distance, depth, etc
23.Explain the receptive field hierarchy of V1: the receptive field of many gan- glion cells combine to form the
receptive field of a single LGN cell
the receptive field of many LGN cells combine to from the receptive field of a single V1 cell
24.The V1 area of the occipital lobe receives its main visual input from the of the thalamus and
sends its main output to subsequent
: It receives its main visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN), and sends
