HESI A2 Biology: Complete Study Guide | Test Prep for Quaranteed Grade A+| Expert Verified

1. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell? A) Lipid synthesis B) Protein synthesis C) Energy production D) DNA replication 2. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for producing ATP? A) Ribosome B) Nucleus C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus 3. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur? A) Mitochondria B) Cytoplasm C) Nucleus D) Endoplasmic reticulum 4. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together? A) Ionic bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Covalent bonds D) Disulfide bonds 5. Which of the following describes the primary structure of a protein? A) The sequence of amino acids B) The folding of the polypeptide chain C) The overall 3D shape of the protein D) The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains 6. The process of osmosis involves the movement of: A) Solutes from an area of low concentration to high concentration B) Water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration C) Solvents from high to low solvent concentration D) Ions from high to low charge concentration 7. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell? A) Synthesis of proteins B) Modification and packaging of proteins and lipids C) Detoxification of harmful substances D) Energy production 8. Which of the following is the basic unit of life? A) Atom B) Molecule C) Tissue D) Cell 9. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A) G1 phase B) S phase C) G2 phase D) M phase 10. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP? A) Anaerobic respiration B) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle D) Oxidative phosphorylation 11. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"? A) Nucleus B) Lysosome C) Mitochondrion D) Endoplasmic reticulum 12. What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions? A) Increase the temperature of the reaction B) Act as substrates for the reaction C) Lower the activation energy of the reaction D) Change the equilibrium of the reaction 13. What is the process by which bacteria reproduce asexually? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Budding 14. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane? A) Controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell B) Providing structural support C) Synthesizing proteins D) Facilitating cell communication 15. Which of the following describes the term "homeostasis"? A) The process of cell division B) Maintaining a stable internal environment C) The role of genes in heredity D) The process of cell metabolism 16. Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) siRNA 17. The primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that: A) Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do not B) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not C) Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells D) Eukaryotic cells cannot reproduce 18. What mechanism do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy? A) Cellular respiration B) Photosynthesis C) Fermentation D) Chemosynthesis 19. Which of the following is true about mutations? A) All mutations are harmful B) Mutations can occur in DNA during replication C) Mutations cannot lead to evolution D) All mutations are inherited 20. What is the main purpose of the immune system? A) To digest food B) To regulate metabolism C) To defend against pathogens D) To produce hormones ...............