Queens University GEOL 104 | Final Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Paleomagnetism - ANSWER -The study of ancient magnetism preserved in rocks.
Unconformities - ANSWER -Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or
folded before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or
metamorphic rocks.
Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
Stratigraphy - ANSWER -The discipline that studies the layering of rock layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact - ANSWER -the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Conformable Contact - ANSWER -No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact - ANSWER -There is a Time gap between boundary
surfaces.
Isotopic Dating - ANSWER -dating methods based on scientific knowledge about
the rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements
transform themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
, Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
Orogen - ANSWER -a belt of the earth's crust involved in the formation of
mountains. This mountain building leads to deformation in rocks.
Rock Derformation - ANSWER -Displacement: Change in location
Rotation: Change in direction
Distortion: Change in shape
- Stretching
- Shortening
- Shear strain
Deformation Rate - ANSWER -Rapid = Brittle: Atomic bonds break forever and
lead to fracturing.
Slow = Ductile: Some bonds break but are quickly reformed allowing for change
of shape without fracturing.
Axial Plane - ANSWER -Plane that marks the center of the fold.
Hinge Line - ANSWER -Line where the axial plane intersects with the Earth's
surface
Limb - ANSWER -Planar region of a fold that lies on either side of the axial
plane.
Strike - ANSWER -Direction taken by a structural surface
Dip - ANSWER -A line perpendicular to strike at an angle of the "slope" to the
plane.
and Answers 100% Pass
Paleomagnetism - ANSWER -The study of ancient magnetism preserved in rocks.
Unconformities - ANSWER -Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or
folded before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or
metamorphic rocks.
Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
Stratigraphy - ANSWER -The discipline that studies the layering of rock layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact - ANSWER -the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Conformable Contact - ANSWER -No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact - ANSWER -There is a Time gap between boundary
surfaces.
Isotopic Dating - ANSWER -dating methods based on scientific knowledge about
the rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements
transform themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
, Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
Orogen - ANSWER -a belt of the earth's crust involved in the formation of
mountains. This mountain building leads to deformation in rocks.
Rock Derformation - ANSWER -Displacement: Change in location
Rotation: Change in direction
Distortion: Change in shape
- Stretching
- Shortening
- Shear strain
Deformation Rate - ANSWER -Rapid = Brittle: Atomic bonds break forever and
lead to fracturing.
Slow = Ductile: Some bonds break but are quickly reformed allowing for change
of shape without fracturing.
Axial Plane - ANSWER -Plane that marks the center of the fold.
Hinge Line - ANSWER -Line where the axial plane intersects with the Earth's
surface
Limb - ANSWER -Planar region of a fold that lies on either side of the axial
plane.
Strike - ANSWER -Direction taken by a structural surface
Dip - ANSWER -A line perpendicular to strike at an angle of the "slope" to the
plane.
