ABFM In training exam pearls Questions And Answers Latest Update
ABFM In training exam pearls Questions
And Answers Latest Update
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do you have check first? -
✔✔✔-Emtricitabine/tenofovir
gotta check Hep B first
-apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated
hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI! - ✔✔✔-120 minutes
time limit from onset of MI to balloon time - ✔✔✔-should get it done w/in 12 hours
Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis - ✔✔✔-Previous hemorrhage stroke
Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis - ✔✔✔-Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can they have vasodilators
(PDE5?) - ✔✔✔-NO! can make things worse
-maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese - ✔✔✔-Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a
common cause of heel pain in young athletes, especially those who participate in
©®™ Page 1
,ABFM In training exam pearls Questions And Answers Latest Update
basketball, soccer, track, and other sports that involve running. Typically the heel
apophysis closes by age 15. Treatment options include activity modification, the
use of ice packs and/or moist heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices.
The use of therapeutic ultrasound on the active bone growth plates in children is
contraindicated.
in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to use! - ✔✔✔-recommended
that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's solution,
hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry dressings, or any solutions that may impede
granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline or
tap water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing
that promotes a moist environment.
Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania - ✔✔✔-resembles cluster headache but has some
important differences. Like cluster headaches, these headaches are unilateral and
accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these
headaches are more frequent in women, and the paroxysms occur many times
each day. This type of headache falls into a group of headaches that have been
labeled indomethacin-responsive headaches because they respond dramatically to
*indomethacin.*
normal spirometry but low DLCO - ✔✔✔-chronic pulmonary embolus
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures - ✔✔✔-give amoxicillin only if prior
endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or repaired congenital heart
-if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology - ✔✔✔-Current guidelines
recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of
unknown etiology, is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73
m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic kidney disease
include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300
g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with
a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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, ABFM In training exam pearls Questions And Answers Latest Update
Causes of peripheral neuropathy - ✔✔✔-common treatable causes of peripheral
neuropathy, which include *diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional
deficiencies*. Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include *chronic liver
disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider medications as a possible
cause, including *amiodarone, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive
alcohol* use is another important consideration. In addition think *MGUS, and
Multiple Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception - ✔✔✔-The annual failure rate of combined oral
contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%. Typical failure rates for other
contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable
progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22% for the withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium - ✔✔✔-Confusion Assessment
Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what age? - ✔✔✔-Age
12
Complications of GERD in infants - ✔✔✔-Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a
significant number of cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent
pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent
pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of sudden infant death syndrome,
and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" - ✔✔✔-it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple
red welts and superficial abrasions scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis - ✔✔✔-need to increase by 30%
because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to
negate this effect
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ABFM In training exam pearls Questions
And Answers Latest Update
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do you have check first? -
✔✔✔-Emtricitabine/tenofovir
gotta check Hep B first
-apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated
hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI! - ✔✔✔-120 minutes
time limit from onset of MI to balloon time - ✔✔✔-should get it done w/in 12 hours
Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis - ✔✔✔-Previous hemorrhage stroke
Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis - ✔✔✔-Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can they have vasodilators
(PDE5?) - ✔✔✔-NO! can make things worse
-maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese - ✔✔✔-Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a
common cause of heel pain in young athletes, especially those who participate in
©®™ Page 1
,ABFM In training exam pearls Questions And Answers Latest Update
basketball, soccer, track, and other sports that involve running. Typically the heel
apophysis closes by age 15. Treatment options include activity modification, the
use of ice packs and/or moist heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices.
The use of therapeutic ultrasound on the active bone growth plates in children is
contraindicated.
in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to use! - ✔✔✔-recommended
that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's solution,
hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry dressings, or any solutions that may impede
granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline or
tap water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing
that promotes a moist environment.
Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania - ✔✔✔-resembles cluster headache but has some
important differences. Like cluster headaches, these headaches are unilateral and
accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these
headaches are more frequent in women, and the paroxysms occur many times
each day. This type of headache falls into a group of headaches that have been
labeled indomethacin-responsive headaches because they respond dramatically to
*indomethacin.*
normal spirometry but low DLCO - ✔✔✔-chronic pulmonary embolus
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures - ✔✔✔-give amoxicillin only if prior
endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or repaired congenital heart
-if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology - ✔✔✔-Current guidelines
recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of
unknown etiology, is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73
m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic kidney disease
include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300
g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with
a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
©®™ Page 2
, ABFM In training exam pearls Questions And Answers Latest Update
Causes of peripheral neuropathy - ✔✔✔-common treatable causes of peripheral
neuropathy, which include *diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional
deficiencies*. Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include *chronic liver
disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider medications as a possible
cause, including *amiodarone, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive
alcohol* use is another important consideration. In addition think *MGUS, and
Multiple Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception - ✔✔✔-The annual failure rate of combined oral
contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%. Typical failure rates for other
contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable
progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22% for the withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium - ✔✔✔-Confusion Assessment
Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what age? - ✔✔✔-Age
12
Complications of GERD in infants - ✔✔✔-Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a
significant number of cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent
pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent
pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of sudden infant death syndrome,
and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" - ✔✔✔-it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple
red welts and superficial abrasions scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis - ✔✔✔-need to increase by 30%
because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to
negate this effect
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