NUR 5332 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE OVERVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Cushing's Disease
Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome
Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis
Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and shock.
Addison's Disease
Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and aldosterone.
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism
Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's disease with inadequate hormone synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism
Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation
,Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism
Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting metabolism.
Primary Hypothyroidism
Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism
Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance
Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia
Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
Hyperkalemia
High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test
Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal insufficiency.
Moon Face
Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
,Buffalo Hump
Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity
Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae
Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
Glucose Intolerance
Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies
Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease
Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on adrenal glands.
Adrenal Atrophy
Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress
Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon
Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Chronic disease marked by insulin resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR)
Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia
, Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction
Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Leptin
Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin
Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids
Lipids that can impair insulin action.
Ghrelin
Hunger hormone associated with appetite stimulation.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
Ketoacidosis
Acidic condition from fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
Blood test indicating average glucose levels over time.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Test measuring body's response to glucose intake.
Diabetes Insipidus
Condition with insufficient antidiuretic hormone activity.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Cushing's Disease
Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome
Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis
Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and shock.
Addison's Disease
Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and aldosterone.
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism
Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's disease with inadequate hormone synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism
Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation
,Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism
Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting metabolism.
Primary Hypothyroidism
Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism
Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance
Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia
Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
Hyperkalemia
High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test
Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal insufficiency.
Moon Face
Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
,Buffalo Hump
Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity
Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae
Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
Glucose Intolerance
Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies
Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease
Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on adrenal glands.
Adrenal Atrophy
Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress
Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon
Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Chronic disease marked by insulin resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR)
Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia
, Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction
Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Leptin
Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin
Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids
Lipids that can impair insulin action.
Ghrelin
Hunger hormone associated with appetite stimulation.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
Ketoacidosis
Acidic condition from fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
Blood test indicating average glucose levels over time.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Test measuring body's response to glucose intake.
Diabetes Insipidus
Condition with insufficient antidiuretic hormone activity.
