NURS 5032 - UNIT 3 - PREGNANCY-RELATED COMPLICATIONS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

NURS 5032 - UNIT 3 - PREGNANCY-RELATED COMPLICATIONS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE What is an abortion? the loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (less than 20 weeks gestation or less than 500 g) What is a miscarriage? a spontaneous abortion with an often unrecognizable cause, though is often caused by severe congenital abnormalities that are incompatible with life When do most spontaneous abortions occur? within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy The likelihood of a spontaneous abortion ______ with both maternal and paternal age. increases What is a threatened abortion? vaginal bleeding occurring before 20 weeks gestation, cervix is closed, no fetal tissue ejected but indicates possible issues What is inevitable abortion? membranes rupture with cervical dilation, active bleeding may be present and heavy, fetus will most likely be ejected, D&C used if not all tissue expelled What is an incomplete abortion? some, but not all, products of conception have been expelled from the uterus, active uterine bleeding and severe abdominal cramping, D&E used to remove a large amount of remaining tissue What is a complete abortion? all products of conception are expelled from the uterus, cervix closes on its own after all products expelled What is a missed abortion? occurs when the fetus dies during the first half of pregnancy but remains within the uterus, may be a cause for infection if fetus is not expelled on its own What is maceration? discoloration and softening of tissues What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? a defect in coagulation that may occur if the fetus is retained for a long period of time after fetal death, abruptio placentae, or hypertension What is the main concern with DIC? abnormal amounts of bleeding, due to the inactivation of maternal clotting factors due to placental bleeding How is DIC treated? delivery of the fetus and placenta is the priority, blood replacement products may be necessary in certain cases What are recurrent spontaneous abortions? also known as habitual abortions, three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions What is a cerclage? cervical sutures used to keep the cervix from opening during pregnancy to help prevent abortion, removed before delivery What are the signs of hypovolemic shock? rapid pulse, lightheadedness, syncope, falling blood pressure (caused by heavy bleeding) What is an ectopic pregnancy? implantation of a fertilized ovum in an area outside of the uterine cavity (95% in the Fallopian tube) What are the early signs of ectopic pregnancy? missed menstrual period, abdominal and pelvic pain, vaginal "spotting" or light bleeding, may have positive pregnancy test What is believed to be the cause of the increase in ectopic pregnancies? growing number of women of childbearing age who experience scarring of the Fallopian tube due to pelvic infection, inflammation, or surgery What are gestational trophoblastic diseases (hydatidifo