NURS2750 WK 7, 8, 9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
Function of upper GI
processes ingested food an dfluids
absorbs necessary components
Swallowing steps
soft palate pulled upwards
vocal cords approx
epiglottis covers larynx
no breathing
bolus is constricted by pharynx
blous moves into esophagus
3 layers of stomach
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
How are proteins digested in the stomach?
Pepsin (pepsinogen and HCl)
High acidity
HCl from ?
,Parietal cells of the stomach
What is intrinsic factor used for?
Absorbption of Vit B12 in ileum
What does vit b12?
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing, disorder of esophagus
-neuro
-muscular deficit
-obstruction
Presents as pain with swallowing
inability to swallow larger pieces of solid material
results in aspiration (choking)
Mechan. obstruction Eso
int/ext tumors
Fibrosis, ulceration, chronic inflammation
Stenosis
congenital atresia
Achalasia
Failure of LES to relax due to lack of innervation (neurological deficit)
Congenital atresia
,kind mechanical obstruction
developmentally closed off tubing where UE and LE are separated
Complication of Dysphagia
Aspiration pneumonia
Stenosis
narrowing
Hiatus
Opening (Hi Atus)
Hiatal Hernia
protrusion of a part of the upper stomach through the opening in the diaphragm
What happens if you have HH?
Food lodges in pouch of the hernia
- food reflux into eso
-Inflamm of mucosa
-chronic esophagitis
SIgns of HH
Heartburn
Belching
Discomfort when laying down
Substernal pain that radiates from shoulder to jaw
GERD
Gastriesophageal Reflux Disease
, What is GERD
periodic reflux of gastric contents into distal esophagus
Severity depednds on competence of LES to close
what does GERD cause
Erosion and inflamm (Heartburn)
GERD and what goes hand in hand
HH
Avoid what with GERD
Caffeine, Fatty and Spicy foods, alcohol, smoking, certain drugs
Gastritis
PNS (Gastric)
Rest and Digest
Inc motility
inc secretions
SNS
inhib GI activity
Vasoconstricts
Reduced secretions and regen of epithelial cells
Gastrin
Secreted by mucosal cells in response to distention of stomach or partially digested
substances
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
Function of upper GI
processes ingested food an dfluids
absorbs necessary components
Swallowing steps
soft palate pulled upwards
vocal cords approx
epiglottis covers larynx
no breathing
bolus is constricted by pharynx
blous moves into esophagus
3 layers of stomach
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
How are proteins digested in the stomach?
Pepsin (pepsinogen and HCl)
High acidity
HCl from ?
,Parietal cells of the stomach
What is intrinsic factor used for?
Absorbption of Vit B12 in ileum
What does vit b12?
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing, disorder of esophagus
-neuro
-muscular deficit
-obstruction
Presents as pain with swallowing
inability to swallow larger pieces of solid material
results in aspiration (choking)
Mechan. obstruction Eso
int/ext tumors
Fibrosis, ulceration, chronic inflammation
Stenosis
congenital atresia
Achalasia
Failure of LES to relax due to lack of innervation (neurological deficit)
Congenital atresia
,kind mechanical obstruction
developmentally closed off tubing where UE and LE are separated
Complication of Dysphagia
Aspiration pneumonia
Stenosis
narrowing
Hiatus
Opening (Hi Atus)
Hiatal Hernia
protrusion of a part of the upper stomach through the opening in the diaphragm
What happens if you have HH?
Food lodges in pouch of the hernia
- food reflux into eso
-Inflamm of mucosa
-chronic esophagitis
SIgns of HH
Heartburn
Belching
Discomfort when laying down
Substernal pain that radiates from shoulder to jaw
GERD
Gastriesophageal Reflux Disease
, What is GERD
periodic reflux of gastric contents into distal esophagus
Severity depednds on competence of LES to close
what does GERD cause
Erosion and inflamm (Heartburn)
GERD and what goes hand in hand
HH
Avoid what with GERD
Caffeine, Fatty and Spicy foods, alcohol, smoking, certain drugs
Gastritis
PNS (Gastric)
Rest and Digest
Inc motility
inc secretions
SNS
inhib GI activity
Vasoconstricts
Reduced secretions and regen of epithelial cells
Gastrin
Secreted by mucosal cells in response to distention of stomach or partially digested
substances
