KINESIOLOGY EXAM 2 SPINE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What does the vertebral column serve as?
Base of support. Link between upper and lower extremities.Protects spinal cord.
Stability vs. mobility (Example: cervical vs. thoracic spine)
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column? and how many in each
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused), Coccygeal (4 or 5 fused)
Curvature of the vertebral column develops with _____. It has a ____ shape at
birth.
Curvatures develop with WB, "C" at birth
what are the 4 distinct curves in adult?
Cervical Lordosis, Thoracic Kyphosis,
Lumbar Lordosis, sacral kyphosis
What forms a motion segment?
Every two vertebrae with their disc and soft tissues
at what level do we not have any disc?
btw c1 and c2, sacrum
Where does motion occur?
intervertebral joints and facet joints
what determines movement?
Facet orientation
,facet joints are usually____ or ____.
biplanar or triplanar
Are lumbar or cervical bodies larger? why?
Lumbar, because of weight baring
Motion of the spine are most often_____. Pure rotation and pure lateral rotation
do not exist. Coupling pattern depend on _____ and may even vary between
individuals depending on _____.
Motion of the spine are most often coupled. Pure rotation and pure lateral rotation do
not exist. Coupling pattern depend on spine region and may even vary between
individuals depending on exact facet orientation.
Which ligament is normally taut all the time to protect the spinal chord?
ligamentum flavum
What are the roles of the intervertebral disks?
(1) transmit loads
(2) increase motion
Nucleus pulposus
____ of water, depending on age, time of day, activity (like water balloon)
Nucleus pulposus
70-90% of water, depending on age, time of day, activity (like water balloon)
Annulus Fibrosus
____% water. Its criss- cross (or zigzag) orientation helps to _____and _____or
____ force
, Annulus Fibrosus
60-70% water. Its criss- cross (or zigzag) orientation helps to support the nucleus
pulposus and resist compression or tensile force
Looking at a vertebral body, you notice lines around body. what are those lines
caused by? You also notice lines around the spinous process what are they
caused by? what are these lines called?
compression, tension, trabeculae
Flexion of the spine induces compression and bulging of ____ and stretching of
____. Will also ____ the intervertebral foramen. The nucleus pulpous will
migrate____.
Flexion of the spine induces compression and bulging of anterior annulus fibrosus and
stretching of posterior annulus fibrosus. Will also open the intervertebral foramen. The
nucleus pulpous will migrate posteriorly.
Most common herniation happen____?
Posterolateral
Rank the following from more disk pressure to less disk pressure.
Laying down on back, laying on side, sitting, sitting on a chair with back straight,
sitting on a chair leaning back, sitting on a chair leaning forward, standing up,
standing leaning forward, standing up straight while holding a box, standing up
with knees bent holding a box, standing back leaning forward holding a box.
standing leaning forward holding box, standing knees bent holding box, standing
straight holding box, standing leaning forward, sitting leaning forward, sitting straight,
standing, laying on side, sitting leaning back, laying on back
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What does the vertebral column serve as?
Base of support. Link between upper and lower extremities.Protects spinal cord.
Stability vs. mobility (Example: cervical vs. thoracic spine)
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column? and how many in each
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused), Coccygeal (4 or 5 fused)
Curvature of the vertebral column develops with _____. It has a ____ shape at
birth.
Curvatures develop with WB, "C" at birth
what are the 4 distinct curves in adult?
Cervical Lordosis, Thoracic Kyphosis,
Lumbar Lordosis, sacral kyphosis
What forms a motion segment?
Every two vertebrae with their disc and soft tissues
at what level do we not have any disc?
btw c1 and c2, sacrum
Where does motion occur?
intervertebral joints and facet joints
what determines movement?
Facet orientation
,facet joints are usually____ or ____.
biplanar or triplanar
Are lumbar or cervical bodies larger? why?
Lumbar, because of weight baring
Motion of the spine are most often_____. Pure rotation and pure lateral rotation
do not exist. Coupling pattern depend on _____ and may even vary between
individuals depending on _____.
Motion of the spine are most often coupled. Pure rotation and pure lateral rotation do
not exist. Coupling pattern depend on spine region and may even vary between
individuals depending on exact facet orientation.
Which ligament is normally taut all the time to protect the spinal chord?
ligamentum flavum
What are the roles of the intervertebral disks?
(1) transmit loads
(2) increase motion
Nucleus pulposus
____ of water, depending on age, time of day, activity (like water balloon)
Nucleus pulposus
70-90% of water, depending on age, time of day, activity (like water balloon)
Annulus Fibrosus
____% water. Its criss- cross (or zigzag) orientation helps to _____and _____or
____ force
, Annulus Fibrosus
60-70% water. Its criss- cross (or zigzag) orientation helps to support the nucleus
pulposus and resist compression or tensile force
Looking at a vertebral body, you notice lines around body. what are those lines
caused by? You also notice lines around the spinous process what are they
caused by? what are these lines called?
compression, tension, trabeculae
Flexion of the spine induces compression and bulging of ____ and stretching of
____. Will also ____ the intervertebral foramen. The nucleus pulpous will
migrate____.
Flexion of the spine induces compression and bulging of anterior annulus fibrosus and
stretching of posterior annulus fibrosus. Will also open the intervertebral foramen. The
nucleus pulpous will migrate posteriorly.
Most common herniation happen____?
Posterolateral
Rank the following from more disk pressure to less disk pressure.
Laying down on back, laying on side, sitting, sitting on a chair with back straight,
sitting on a chair leaning back, sitting on a chair leaning forward, standing up,
standing leaning forward, standing up straight while holding a box, standing up
with knees bent holding a box, standing back leaning forward holding a box.
standing leaning forward holding box, standing knees bent holding box, standing
straight holding box, standing leaning forward, sitting leaning forward, sitting straight,
standing, laying on side, sitting leaning back, laying on back
