NST 10S SPRING 2025 INTRODUCTION TO
HUMAN NUTRITION EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Goal of Nutri Sci: - ANSWER To gain a basic knowledge that will enable you
to make effective choices about your nutritional need
What does the study of human nutrition require: - ANSWER Integration of the
social, biological, and physical sciences--known as nutritional sciences when
applied to understanding the processes of nutrition.
Most of the weight of the body is due to: - ANSWER Water, fat, and protein.
Nutrients help to: - ANSWER form and maintain the shape and structure of the
body
What forms ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles
to bones? - ANSWER proteins
What do ligaments do? - ANSWER Connect bone to bone
What do tendons do? - ANSWER Connect muscle to bone
At the cellular level, what makes up the membranes that surround cells? -
ANSWER lipids and proteins
What helps the body stay healthy (what 2 things work together)? - ANSWER
macronutrients and micronutrients
What do biochemical reactions in the body do? - ANSWER help to release the
energy contained in carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
energy is used to: - ANSWER maintain body functions and fuel physical work
,if more energy is consumed than is needed - ANSWER over time body weight
will increase.
Leading causes of death in U.S.: - ANSWER heart disease and cancer
The major health problems in North America are largely caused by: -
ANSWER a poor diet, excessive energy intake, and not enough physical
activity.
A healthy diet is: (4 components) - ANSWER - one that provides the right
amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range
-the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
-plenty of water
- sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
Nutrients are assigned to 3 functional categories: What are they? - ANSWER -
Those that primarily provide energy (typically expressed in kilocalories [kcal]).
-Those that are important for growth and development (and later maintenance).
-Those that keep body functions running smoothly
*Some overlap exists among these groupings. The energy-yielding nutrients and
water make up a major portion of most foods.
What makes up major portions of most foods? - ANSWER The energy-
yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods.
What is an essential nutrient? (What three characteristics must it have) -
ANSWER -It has a specific biological function.
-Removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function, such
as the normal functions of the blood cells or nervous system.
-Returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs
restores to normal those aspects of human biological function impaired by its
absence.
What its nutrient density? - ANSWER Nutrient density is a measure of the
nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content
A healthy diet is a ...? - ANSWER nutrient-dense diet
, Is broccoli or French fries more nutrient-dense? - ANSWER broccoli
What is metabolism? What does this allow? - ANSWER is the set of life-
sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
-These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.
What is anabolism? - ANSWER Anabolismuses energy to construct
components of cells (build up)
-set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These
reactions require energy
What is catabolism? - ANSWER Catabolism breaks down organic matter, for
example to harvest energy (break down)
- the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
that are either oxidized to release energy, or used in anabolic reactions.
What are the key cellular organelles (diagram in lecture 2)? - ANSWER -
lysosome
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-nucleus
-ribosomes
-mitochondrion
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER refers to the biochemical pathway by
which cells release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and
provide that energy for the essential processes of life.
Lipids are synthesized in: - ANSWER smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The process of respiration to produce energy occurs where? - ANSWER in the
mitochondria
Protein is made in - ANSWER ribosomes
what is homeostasis? Who coined this term and what does it describe?
(homeostasis of the blood glucose concentration on lecture 2: pg 11) -
HUMAN NUTRITION EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Goal of Nutri Sci: - ANSWER To gain a basic knowledge that will enable you
to make effective choices about your nutritional need
What does the study of human nutrition require: - ANSWER Integration of the
social, biological, and physical sciences--known as nutritional sciences when
applied to understanding the processes of nutrition.
Most of the weight of the body is due to: - ANSWER Water, fat, and protein.
Nutrients help to: - ANSWER form and maintain the shape and structure of the
body
What forms ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles
to bones? - ANSWER proteins
What do ligaments do? - ANSWER Connect bone to bone
What do tendons do? - ANSWER Connect muscle to bone
At the cellular level, what makes up the membranes that surround cells? -
ANSWER lipids and proteins
What helps the body stay healthy (what 2 things work together)? - ANSWER
macronutrients and micronutrients
What do biochemical reactions in the body do? - ANSWER help to release the
energy contained in carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
energy is used to: - ANSWER maintain body functions and fuel physical work
,if more energy is consumed than is needed - ANSWER over time body weight
will increase.
Leading causes of death in U.S.: - ANSWER heart disease and cancer
The major health problems in North America are largely caused by: -
ANSWER a poor diet, excessive energy intake, and not enough physical
activity.
A healthy diet is: (4 components) - ANSWER - one that provides the right
amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range
-the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
-plenty of water
- sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
Nutrients are assigned to 3 functional categories: What are they? - ANSWER -
Those that primarily provide energy (typically expressed in kilocalories [kcal]).
-Those that are important for growth and development (and later maintenance).
-Those that keep body functions running smoothly
*Some overlap exists among these groupings. The energy-yielding nutrients and
water make up a major portion of most foods.
What makes up major portions of most foods? - ANSWER The energy-
yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods.
What is an essential nutrient? (What three characteristics must it have) -
ANSWER -It has a specific biological function.
-Removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function, such
as the normal functions of the blood cells or nervous system.
-Returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs
restores to normal those aspects of human biological function impaired by its
absence.
What its nutrient density? - ANSWER Nutrient density is a measure of the
nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content
A healthy diet is a ...? - ANSWER nutrient-dense diet
, Is broccoli or French fries more nutrient-dense? - ANSWER broccoli
What is metabolism? What does this allow? - ANSWER is the set of life-
sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
-These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.
What is anabolism? - ANSWER Anabolismuses energy to construct
components of cells (build up)
-set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These
reactions require energy
What is catabolism? - ANSWER Catabolism breaks down organic matter, for
example to harvest energy (break down)
- the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
that are either oxidized to release energy, or used in anabolic reactions.
What are the key cellular organelles (diagram in lecture 2)? - ANSWER -
lysosome
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-nucleus
-ribosomes
-mitochondrion
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER refers to the biochemical pathway by
which cells release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and
provide that energy for the essential processes of life.
Lipids are synthesized in: - ANSWER smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The process of respiration to produce energy occurs where? - ANSWER in the
mitochondria
Protein is made in - ANSWER ribosomes
what is homeostasis? Who coined this term and what does it describe?
(homeostasis of the blood glucose concentration on lecture 2: pg 11) -
