MSAT 50 TOPICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
- spine of the scapula. acromion (absent in horse and pig) (origin of acromial part
of deltoid), (suprahamate process in cat)
- supra/infraspinatus fossa (providing origin for the supra/infraspinatus muscle)
- supraglenoid tubercle (attachment for the biceps)
- glenoid cavity (articulation of humerus head to form shoulder joint)
- coracoid process (attachment of the coracobrachialis muscle), scapular
cartilage (absent in dog and humans)
- Serratus surface (attachment for serratus ventralis)
- Subscapular fossa (subscapularis m.)
- Infraglenoid tubercle
Scapula
- head (articulating with glenoid cavity)
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercular groove (bicep brachii tendon run through)
- teres major tuberosity (insertion of teres major)
- teres minor tuberosity (insertion of teres minor)
- deltoid tuberosity
- lateral/medial epicondyle (attachment of the extensor/flexor muscles of the
,forearm)
- brachial groove (brachialis muscle and radial nerve run through)
- humeral condyle (articulates with trochlea notch)
- olecranon fossa (articulates with anconeal process)
- coronoid fossa
- radial fossa
- supratrochlear foramen (dog)
Humerus
Radius-Ulna
- radius:
- radial tuberosity (insertion for biceps)
- coronoid process (articulates with coronoid fossa)
- ulna: (fused most in horse, fused in cow, articulated in dog -
pronation/supination is possible)
- olecranon
- anconeal process (articulates with olecranon fossa)
- trochlea notch
- styloid process of the radius
- syloid process of the ulna
- carpal articular surface
Radius-ulna
Radial carpal
Intermediate carpal
, Ulnar carpal
Accessory carpal
1st carpal
2nd carpal
3rd carpal
4th carpal
Horse: no 1st 90% of time
Cow: no 1st, fused 2+3
Dog: fused intermediate and radial carpal
Carpal canal present at carpus:
Horse: DDF+SDF+median n.+ulnar n.
Cow: DDF+ deep part of SDF+ median n.
Dog: DDF + median n.
Carpus
Horse: 3 cannon, 2+4 splint, 1 phalanx
Cow: 3+4 fused, 2+5 make accessory hooves, no bony structure, 2 strong, bony
pahalnges, 2 accessory
Dog: 5, 4 weight bearing. 5 pahalnges
Metacarpus/ phalanges
Shoulder (flexion angle: caudal)
- Spheroid synovial. Universal movement theoretically, restricted to mostly
flexion/extension in domestic animals. Scapula - glenoid cavity, Humerus - head.
Non-bony structures: Glenoid lip, synovial bursa. Synovial: 1 large. Recessus: 1.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
- spine of the scapula. acromion (absent in horse and pig) (origin of acromial part
of deltoid), (suprahamate process in cat)
- supra/infraspinatus fossa (providing origin for the supra/infraspinatus muscle)
- supraglenoid tubercle (attachment for the biceps)
- glenoid cavity (articulation of humerus head to form shoulder joint)
- coracoid process (attachment of the coracobrachialis muscle), scapular
cartilage (absent in dog and humans)
- Serratus surface (attachment for serratus ventralis)
- Subscapular fossa (subscapularis m.)
- Infraglenoid tubercle
Scapula
- head (articulating with glenoid cavity)
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercular groove (bicep brachii tendon run through)
- teres major tuberosity (insertion of teres major)
- teres minor tuberosity (insertion of teres minor)
- deltoid tuberosity
- lateral/medial epicondyle (attachment of the extensor/flexor muscles of the
,forearm)
- brachial groove (brachialis muscle and radial nerve run through)
- humeral condyle (articulates with trochlea notch)
- olecranon fossa (articulates with anconeal process)
- coronoid fossa
- radial fossa
- supratrochlear foramen (dog)
Humerus
Radius-Ulna
- radius:
- radial tuberosity (insertion for biceps)
- coronoid process (articulates with coronoid fossa)
- ulna: (fused most in horse, fused in cow, articulated in dog -
pronation/supination is possible)
- olecranon
- anconeal process (articulates with olecranon fossa)
- trochlea notch
- styloid process of the radius
- syloid process of the ulna
- carpal articular surface
Radius-ulna
Radial carpal
Intermediate carpal
, Ulnar carpal
Accessory carpal
1st carpal
2nd carpal
3rd carpal
4th carpal
Horse: no 1st 90% of time
Cow: no 1st, fused 2+3
Dog: fused intermediate and radial carpal
Carpal canal present at carpus:
Horse: DDF+SDF+median n.+ulnar n.
Cow: DDF+ deep part of SDF+ median n.
Dog: DDF + median n.
Carpus
Horse: 3 cannon, 2+4 splint, 1 phalanx
Cow: 3+4 fused, 2+5 make accessory hooves, no bony structure, 2 strong, bony
pahalnges, 2 accessory
Dog: 5, 4 weight bearing. 5 pahalnges
Metacarpus/ phalanges
Shoulder (flexion angle: caudal)
- Spheroid synovial. Universal movement theoretically, restricted to mostly
flexion/extension in domestic animals. Scapula - glenoid cavity, Humerus - head.
Non-bony structures: Glenoid lip, synovial bursa. Synovial: 1 large. Recessus: 1.
