MSAT 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
Cyanotic heart diseases
Transposition of great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic L Heart Syndrome
Ebstein's Anomaly
Aortic atresia
Pulmonary atresia
Non-cyanotic heart defects
VSD, ASD, PDA
Fixed S2 split
ASD
what shunt is ASD
L to R
majority of cases (70%) are diagnosed in the fifth decade
,Eisenmenger syndrome
reversal of L-R shunt to a R-L shunt, with cyanosis and clubbin
What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?
Ostium secundum (75% of all cases), in which there is incomplete adhesion between
the foramen ovale flap and the septum secundum.
ASD
downs syndome and maternal rubella infx
PDA
how do you treat PDA
Indomethacin
indomethscin AE
Apnea
ductal-dependent cardiac lesion that requires a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to
preserve blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal border and is frequently
accompanied by a thrill or displaced point of maximal impulse.
Auscultation is often sufficient to make the diagnosis of a VSD but confirmation can be
obtained with echocardiography.
Most common pathologic murmur in childhood
Ventricular Septal Defect
may present with circulatory failure and shock upon closure of a patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA).
coarctation of aorta
, The PDA may serve to widen the juxtaductal area of the aorta so that blood may
flow forward from the left ventricle.
When the ductus arteriosus closes, this can lead to circulatory failure and shock.
Ductal Dependent Lesions
Transposition of the great vessels (most common cause in newborns)
Tetralogy of Fallot (most common in children > 1 year old)
Tricuspid atresia
Interrupted aortic arch
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Shock, “gray baby” within hours to days after birth
PGE1
MC cyanotic congenital heart defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
what are the 4 componenets of TOF
Over riding aorta
RV outflow tract obstruction
VSD
RVH
Mnemonic: PROVe:: Pulmonic stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding
aorta, VSD
Tet spells treated with
squat
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
Cyanotic heart diseases
Transposition of great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic L Heart Syndrome
Ebstein's Anomaly
Aortic atresia
Pulmonary atresia
Non-cyanotic heart defects
VSD, ASD, PDA
Fixed S2 split
ASD
what shunt is ASD
L to R
majority of cases (70%) are diagnosed in the fifth decade
,Eisenmenger syndrome
reversal of L-R shunt to a R-L shunt, with cyanosis and clubbin
What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?
Ostium secundum (75% of all cases), in which there is incomplete adhesion between
the foramen ovale flap and the septum secundum.
ASD
downs syndome and maternal rubella infx
PDA
how do you treat PDA
Indomethacin
indomethscin AE
Apnea
ductal-dependent cardiac lesion that requires a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to
preserve blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal border and is frequently
accompanied by a thrill or displaced point of maximal impulse.
Auscultation is often sufficient to make the diagnosis of a VSD but confirmation can be
obtained with echocardiography.
Most common pathologic murmur in childhood
Ventricular Septal Defect
may present with circulatory failure and shock upon closure of a patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA).
coarctation of aorta
, The PDA may serve to widen the juxtaductal area of the aorta so that blood may
flow forward from the left ventricle.
When the ductus arteriosus closes, this can lead to circulatory failure and shock.
Ductal Dependent Lesions
Transposition of the great vessels (most common cause in newborns)
Tetralogy of Fallot (most common in children > 1 year old)
Tricuspid atresia
Interrupted aortic arch
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Shock, “gray baby” within hours to days after birth
PGE1
MC cyanotic congenital heart defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
what are the 4 componenets of TOF
Over riding aorta
RV outflow tract obstruction
VSD
RVH
Mnemonic: PROVe:: Pulmonic stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding
aorta, VSD
Tet spells treated with
squat
