NURS 6015 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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What factors contribute to a newborn's first breath (5)?
1. mechanical
2. reabsorptive
3. thermal
4. chemical
5. sensory
What are common impediments to newborn's spontaneously breathing?
1. underdeveloped lymphatic system
2. inadequate compression of chest wall
3. absence of chest wall compression in cesarean births
4. respiratory depression secondary to analgesia
5. aspiration and amniotic fluid, meconium, or blood
What is the sensory stimuli that influence newborns to breath?
drying and skin-to-skin contact with the biological mother, parent, or other family
members
What are the characteristics of newborn breathing?
1. RR 30-60 bpm
2. periodic breathing
What is periodic breathing?
Consists of 5 to 10 second respiratory pauses that are normally seen in newborns
What is apnea in newborns?
this is the cessation of breathing lasting longer than 20 seconds
What are the nursing interventions for the respiratory functioning of a newborn
(3)?
1. gentile but thorough drying
2. immediate skin-to-skin contact
3. rubbing the newborn's back to stimulate respirations PRN
What is acrocyanosis?
cyanosis of hands and feet and is normal for several hours after birth
What are the danger respiratory signs of newborns?
1. RR outside of 30-60
2. cyanosis or nasal flaring and expiratory grunting
3. increased use of intercostal muscles (retractions)
4. O2% <95
What are the differences in pulmonary blood vessels in fetal and newborn
circulation?
in the fetus circulation these vessels are constricted with very little blood flow. and the
lungs are not expanded
, in the neonatal circulation, vasodilation and increased blood flow occur; lungs expand;
increase oxygen stimulates vasodilation
What are the differences in systemic blood vessels in fetal and newborn
circulation?
in the fetal circulation, dilated with low resistance, blood mostly in the placenta ~ in the
neonatal circulation, arterial pressure ↑ because of the loss of the placenta; there is ↑
systemic blood volume and resistance
What is the ductus arteriosus?
vessel a growing fetus has that connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta, instead of
going to the lungs the blood goes to the body
What is the foramen ovale?
An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus; in neonate this
closes due to increased LA pressure
What are the characteristics of cardiac function in newborns (2)?
1. HR 110-160, but may drop to 80-100 during sleep
2. in utero, RV of the heart is responsible for 66% of cardiac workload; this begins to
shift after birth
What is the peripheral perfusion pressure of newborns?
particularly sensitive indicator of the newborn's ability to compensate for alterations in
blood volume before changes in BP are detected
What are the cardiovascular nursing assessments for newborns (4)?
1. Apical pulse rate, 1 minute while asleep
2. peripheral pulses in all extremities
3. First 12 hours of life average mean BP is 42-60
4. murmurs heard during first 48 hours require follow-up; often used to initially recognize
cardiac disease
What are the characteristics of the hematopoietic system in newborns (3)?
1. RBC production and survival is lower (60-80 days)
2. physiologic anemia of infancy is common; most infants require iron supps
3. leukocytosis is normal
What is homeothermic?
the ability of the body to maintain an internal body temperature even though external
temperature is always changing; newborns have this ability
What are the methods of heat loss in newborns (4)?
1. convection
2. radiation
3. evaporation
4. conduction
What are temperature regulation nursing interventions?
1. drying the infant immediately post birth then skin-to-skin
2. frequently measure body temperature
3. and use skin-to-skin as first treatment to warm
What is the difference in BG levels between a newborn and the mother?
the newborn typically has 15 mg/dL lower and has significantly less carbohydrate stores
What is physiologic jaundice?
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What factors contribute to a newborn's first breath (5)?
1. mechanical
2. reabsorptive
3. thermal
4. chemical
5. sensory
What are common impediments to newborn's spontaneously breathing?
1. underdeveloped lymphatic system
2. inadequate compression of chest wall
3. absence of chest wall compression in cesarean births
4. respiratory depression secondary to analgesia
5. aspiration and amniotic fluid, meconium, or blood
What is the sensory stimuli that influence newborns to breath?
drying and skin-to-skin contact with the biological mother, parent, or other family
members
What are the characteristics of newborn breathing?
1. RR 30-60 bpm
2. periodic breathing
What is periodic breathing?
Consists of 5 to 10 second respiratory pauses that are normally seen in newborns
What is apnea in newborns?
this is the cessation of breathing lasting longer than 20 seconds
What are the nursing interventions for the respiratory functioning of a newborn
(3)?
1. gentile but thorough drying
2. immediate skin-to-skin contact
3. rubbing the newborn's back to stimulate respirations PRN
What is acrocyanosis?
cyanosis of hands and feet and is normal for several hours after birth
What are the danger respiratory signs of newborns?
1. RR outside of 30-60
2. cyanosis or nasal flaring and expiratory grunting
3. increased use of intercostal muscles (retractions)
4. O2% <95
What are the differences in pulmonary blood vessels in fetal and newborn
circulation?
in the fetus circulation these vessels are constricted with very little blood flow. and the
lungs are not expanded
, in the neonatal circulation, vasodilation and increased blood flow occur; lungs expand;
increase oxygen stimulates vasodilation
What are the differences in systemic blood vessels in fetal and newborn
circulation?
in the fetal circulation, dilated with low resistance, blood mostly in the placenta ~ in the
neonatal circulation, arterial pressure ↑ because of the loss of the placenta; there is ↑
systemic blood volume and resistance
What is the ductus arteriosus?
vessel a growing fetus has that connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta, instead of
going to the lungs the blood goes to the body
What is the foramen ovale?
An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus; in neonate this
closes due to increased LA pressure
What are the characteristics of cardiac function in newborns (2)?
1. HR 110-160, but may drop to 80-100 during sleep
2. in utero, RV of the heart is responsible for 66% of cardiac workload; this begins to
shift after birth
What is the peripheral perfusion pressure of newborns?
particularly sensitive indicator of the newborn's ability to compensate for alterations in
blood volume before changes in BP are detected
What are the cardiovascular nursing assessments for newborns (4)?
1. Apical pulse rate, 1 minute while asleep
2. peripheral pulses in all extremities
3. First 12 hours of life average mean BP is 42-60
4. murmurs heard during first 48 hours require follow-up; often used to initially recognize
cardiac disease
What are the characteristics of the hematopoietic system in newborns (3)?
1. RBC production and survival is lower (60-80 days)
2. physiologic anemia of infancy is common; most infants require iron supps
3. leukocytosis is normal
What is homeothermic?
the ability of the body to maintain an internal body temperature even though external
temperature is always changing; newborns have this ability
What are the methods of heat loss in newborns (4)?
1. convection
2. radiation
3. evaporation
4. conduction
What are temperature regulation nursing interventions?
1. drying the infant immediately post birth then skin-to-skin
2. frequently measure body temperature
3. and use skin-to-skin as first treatment to warm
What is the difference in BG levels between a newborn and the mother?
the newborn typically has 15 mg/dL lower and has significantly less carbohydrate stores
What is physiologic jaundice?
