NURS 6015 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Buy Quality Materials!
successful treatment with bacteriostatic antibiotics depends upon what factor?
adequate duration of drug therapy
a client is receiving aminoglycoside therapy. The nurse would be alert for
kidney dysfunction
bacitracin interfere with the cell wall synthesis of which type of bacteria?
staphylococcal
amino glycoside antibiotics tend to collect in the eighth cranial nerve. the nurse
would anticipate that which clinical manifestation may occur from the cranial
nerve involvement?
vertigo
what occurs when the normal flora is destroyed by the use of anti-infectives?
superinfection
the nurse is caring for several medical clients who have infections. for which
client would the administration of a broad spectrum antibiotic be most
appropriate?
a client with signs of infection who is awaiting the results of laboratory testing
the nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis who has been prescribed
vancomycin 1000 mg IV q12h. when assessing the client for adverse effects, the
nurse should perform what assessments?
-assess the client for any auditory changes
-monitor the clients during output, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
the hospital nurse is caring for a group of adult clients. for which client should
the nurse most likely administer prophylactic anti-infectives?
a client with colorectal cancer who is preoperative for a bowel resection
a client has been diagnosed with an infection. the nurse can help to ensure the
success of anti-infective treatment by
confirming that medication prescribed is the drug of choice for the specific
microorganism
a nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for pneumonia. the nurse reviews
the electronic health record and evaluates that the microbiology data does not
support the use of the broad spectrum antibiotics. which statement is the nurse's
best response to the provider about the results?
the microbiology data is identifying another antibiotic appropriate for the client
selective toxicity
the ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems that are used by the infecting
organism but not by the human cells
spectrum
the range of bacteria against which can antibiotic is effective (broad spectrum antibiotics
are effective against a wide range of bacteria, narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective
only against very selective bacteria
antiinfective agents
,are drugs designed to target foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body
of a human host
although antiinfective agents target foreign organisms infecting the body of a
human host, they do not possess total selective toxicity which is the?
ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems used only by the infecting organism
but not by the human cells
some people believe that the habitual use of antibiotics for what might well be a
viral infection has contributed to?
the development of resistant strains
children have an increased susceptibility to the GI and nervous system effects of
antiinfectives, the nurse should monitor?
nutritional and hydration status
extreme caution must be exercised in the use of antiinfective in pregnant and
nursing women because?
they can affect the fetus and also cross into breast milk leading to toxic effects in the
neonate
antiinfectives that adversely affect the liver and kidneys must be used in caution
with __ patients, who may have decreased organ function
older
the goal of antiinfective agents is to?
interfere with the normal function of the invading organism to prevent it from
reproducing and to cause cell death without affecting host cells
antiinfectives can affect cells by?
-disrupting the cell membrane
-interfering with DNA synthesis
-altering RNA
-blocking the use of essential nutrients
some antiinfectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogen cell wall. because
bacterial cells have a slightly different composition than human cells this is an
effective way to destroy the bacteria without interfering with the host the __ are
on classification of antibiotic that work in this way.
PCN
some antiinfectives prevent the cells of the invading organism from using
substances essential to their growth and development leading to the inability to
divide and eventually to cell death. what are some drugs that work in this way?
-sulfonamides
-antimycobacterial drugs
-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (combination drug used to treat UTIs)
many antiiinfectives interfere with the steps involved in protein synthesis a
function necessary to maintain the cell and allow for cell divison what are some
drugs that work in this way?
-aminoglycosides
-macrolides
some antiinfectives interfere with DNA synthesis in the cell, leading to the
inability to divide and cell death what are some drugs that work in this way?
fluoroquinolones
,other antiinfectives alter the permeability of the cell membrane to allow essential
cellular components to leak out, causing cell death what are some drugs that
work in this way?
antibiotics
-antifungals
-antiprotozoal
some antiinfectives are so selective in their action that they are effective against
only a few microorganisms with a very specific metabolic pathway or enzymes
these drugs are said to have a?
narrow spectrum of activity
other drugs interfere with biochemical reactions in many different kind of
microorganisms, making them useful in the treatment of a wide variety of
infections such drugs are said to have a?
broad spectrum of activity
some antiinfectives are so active against the infective microorganism that they
actually cause the death of the cell they affect these drugs are said to be?
bactericidal
some antiinfectives are not as aggressive against invading organisms they
interfere with the ability of the cell to reproduce or divide these drugs are said to
be?
bacteriostatic
the goal of antiinfective therapy is to?
reduce the population of the invading organism to a point at which the human immune
response can take care of the infection
if a person is immunocompromised the immune system may be incapable of
dealing effectively with the invading organism it is difficult to treat any infections
in such patients for two reasons?
1. antiinfective drugs cannot totally eliminate the pathogen without causing severe
toxicity in the host
2. these patients do not have the inflammatory or immune response in place to deal with
even a few invading organisms
__ can be natural or acquired and refers to the ability over time to adapt to an
antiinfective drug and produce cells that are not longer affected by a particular
drug
resistance
Vancomycin is a
antibiotic that interfere with cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria
vancomycin was developed because it could be used both in patients who are?
-intolerant to or allergic to PCN and or cephalosporins and in treatment of patients with
staphylococcal infections that no longer respond to PCN or cephalosporins
this drug was the first drug in a class called lipoglycopeptides. This antiinfective
drug can be used IV to treat life threatening infections when less toxic drugs
cannot be used.
vancomycin
vancomycin is used orally as a treatment of ___
C. Diff associated diarrhea and staphylococcal enterocolitis
, Vancoymycin adverse effects
-renal failure
-ototoxicity
-superinfections
-condition known as red man syndrome
Red man syndrome is side effect of which antibiotic?
vancomycin
-characterized by sudden and severe hypotension, fever, chills, parathesias, and
erythema or redness of the neck and back
exposure to an antimicrobial agent leads to the development of resistance so it is
important to?
limit the use of antimicrobial agents to the treatment of specific pathogens known to be
sensitive to the drug being used
what are some ways to prevent the development of resistance?
-drug dosing
-length of time
antiinfective agents doses should be high enough and the duration of drug
therapy should be long enough to eradicate even slightly resistant
microorganism around the clock dosing eliminates the peaks and valley sin drug
concentration and helps maintain a constant therapeutic level to prevent?
the emergence of resistance microbes during the times of low concentration so it is
important to teach the patient to take all the medication and do not stop taking the drug
if you start to feel better
the duration fo drug use is critical to ensure?
that microbes are completely not partially eliminated and are not given the chance to
grow and develop resistance strains
when teaching patients who are prescribed an antiinfective agent it is important
to include?
-the drug is prescribed for the particular infection that you have now. do not use this
drug to treat other infections
-this drug need to be taken as prescribed for the correct number of times each day and
for the full number of days. do not stop taking the drug if you start to feel better. you
need to take the drug for the full number of treatment days to ensure that the infection
has been destroyed
antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of?
viral infections or illnesses such as common cold
healthcare providers who prescribe antiinfectives without knowing the causative
organism and which drugs might be appropriate are promoting the?
emergence of resistant strains of microbes
antiinfectives can act to destroy an infective pathogen __ or to prevent the
pathogen from reproducing ___
bactericidal, bacteriostatic
antiinfectives can have a small group of pathogens against which they are
effective known as __ __, or they can be effective against many pathogens known
as __ __.
narrow spectrum, broad spectrum
Buy Quality Materials!
successful treatment with bacteriostatic antibiotics depends upon what factor?
adequate duration of drug therapy
a client is receiving aminoglycoside therapy. The nurse would be alert for
kidney dysfunction
bacitracin interfere with the cell wall synthesis of which type of bacteria?
staphylococcal
amino glycoside antibiotics tend to collect in the eighth cranial nerve. the nurse
would anticipate that which clinical manifestation may occur from the cranial
nerve involvement?
vertigo
what occurs when the normal flora is destroyed by the use of anti-infectives?
superinfection
the nurse is caring for several medical clients who have infections. for which
client would the administration of a broad spectrum antibiotic be most
appropriate?
a client with signs of infection who is awaiting the results of laboratory testing
the nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis who has been prescribed
vancomycin 1000 mg IV q12h. when assessing the client for adverse effects, the
nurse should perform what assessments?
-assess the client for any auditory changes
-monitor the clients during output, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
the hospital nurse is caring for a group of adult clients. for which client should
the nurse most likely administer prophylactic anti-infectives?
a client with colorectal cancer who is preoperative for a bowel resection
a client has been diagnosed with an infection. the nurse can help to ensure the
success of anti-infective treatment by
confirming that medication prescribed is the drug of choice for the specific
microorganism
a nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for pneumonia. the nurse reviews
the electronic health record and evaluates that the microbiology data does not
support the use of the broad spectrum antibiotics. which statement is the nurse's
best response to the provider about the results?
the microbiology data is identifying another antibiotic appropriate for the client
selective toxicity
the ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems that are used by the infecting
organism but not by the human cells
spectrum
the range of bacteria against which can antibiotic is effective (broad spectrum antibiotics
are effective against a wide range of bacteria, narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective
only against very selective bacteria
antiinfective agents
,are drugs designed to target foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body
of a human host
although antiinfective agents target foreign organisms infecting the body of a
human host, they do not possess total selective toxicity which is the?
ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems used only by the infecting organism
but not by the human cells
some people believe that the habitual use of antibiotics for what might well be a
viral infection has contributed to?
the development of resistant strains
children have an increased susceptibility to the GI and nervous system effects of
antiinfectives, the nurse should monitor?
nutritional and hydration status
extreme caution must be exercised in the use of antiinfective in pregnant and
nursing women because?
they can affect the fetus and also cross into breast milk leading to toxic effects in the
neonate
antiinfectives that adversely affect the liver and kidneys must be used in caution
with __ patients, who may have decreased organ function
older
the goal of antiinfective agents is to?
interfere with the normal function of the invading organism to prevent it from
reproducing and to cause cell death without affecting host cells
antiinfectives can affect cells by?
-disrupting the cell membrane
-interfering with DNA synthesis
-altering RNA
-blocking the use of essential nutrients
some antiinfectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogen cell wall. because
bacterial cells have a slightly different composition than human cells this is an
effective way to destroy the bacteria without interfering with the host the __ are
on classification of antibiotic that work in this way.
PCN
some antiinfectives prevent the cells of the invading organism from using
substances essential to their growth and development leading to the inability to
divide and eventually to cell death. what are some drugs that work in this way?
-sulfonamides
-antimycobacterial drugs
-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (combination drug used to treat UTIs)
many antiiinfectives interfere with the steps involved in protein synthesis a
function necessary to maintain the cell and allow for cell divison what are some
drugs that work in this way?
-aminoglycosides
-macrolides
some antiinfectives interfere with DNA synthesis in the cell, leading to the
inability to divide and cell death what are some drugs that work in this way?
fluoroquinolones
,other antiinfectives alter the permeability of the cell membrane to allow essential
cellular components to leak out, causing cell death what are some drugs that
work in this way?
antibiotics
-antifungals
-antiprotozoal
some antiinfectives are so selective in their action that they are effective against
only a few microorganisms with a very specific metabolic pathway or enzymes
these drugs are said to have a?
narrow spectrum of activity
other drugs interfere with biochemical reactions in many different kind of
microorganisms, making them useful in the treatment of a wide variety of
infections such drugs are said to have a?
broad spectrum of activity
some antiinfectives are so active against the infective microorganism that they
actually cause the death of the cell they affect these drugs are said to be?
bactericidal
some antiinfectives are not as aggressive against invading organisms they
interfere with the ability of the cell to reproduce or divide these drugs are said to
be?
bacteriostatic
the goal of antiinfective therapy is to?
reduce the population of the invading organism to a point at which the human immune
response can take care of the infection
if a person is immunocompromised the immune system may be incapable of
dealing effectively with the invading organism it is difficult to treat any infections
in such patients for two reasons?
1. antiinfective drugs cannot totally eliminate the pathogen without causing severe
toxicity in the host
2. these patients do not have the inflammatory or immune response in place to deal with
even a few invading organisms
__ can be natural or acquired and refers to the ability over time to adapt to an
antiinfective drug and produce cells that are not longer affected by a particular
drug
resistance
Vancomycin is a
antibiotic that interfere with cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria
vancomycin was developed because it could be used both in patients who are?
-intolerant to or allergic to PCN and or cephalosporins and in treatment of patients with
staphylococcal infections that no longer respond to PCN or cephalosporins
this drug was the first drug in a class called lipoglycopeptides. This antiinfective
drug can be used IV to treat life threatening infections when less toxic drugs
cannot be used.
vancomycin
vancomycin is used orally as a treatment of ___
C. Diff associated diarrhea and staphylococcal enterocolitis
, Vancoymycin adverse effects
-renal failure
-ototoxicity
-superinfections
-condition known as red man syndrome
Red man syndrome is side effect of which antibiotic?
vancomycin
-characterized by sudden and severe hypotension, fever, chills, parathesias, and
erythema or redness of the neck and back
exposure to an antimicrobial agent leads to the development of resistance so it is
important to?
limit the use of antimicrobial agents to the treatment of specific pathogens known to be
sensitive to the drug being used
what are some ways to prevent the development of resistance?
-drug dosing
-length of time
antiinfective agents doses should be high enough and the duration of drug
therapy should be long enough to eradicate even slightly resistant
microorganism around the clock dosing eliminates the peaks and valley sin drug
concentration and helps maintain a constant therapeutic level to prevent?
the emergence of resistance microbes during the times of low concentration so it is
important to teach the patient to take all the medication and do not stop taking the drug
if you start to feel better
the duration fo drug use is critical to ensure?
that microbes are completely not partially eliminated and are not given the chance to
grow and develop resistance strains
when teaching patients who are prescribed an antiinfective agent it is important
to include?
-the drug is prescribed for the particular infection that you have now. do not use this
drug to treat other infections
-this drug need to be taken as prescribed for the correct number of times each day and
for the full number of days. do not stop taking the drug if you start to feel better. you
need to take the drug for the full number of treatment days to ensure that the infection
has been destroyed
antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of?
viral infections or illnesses such as common cold
healthcare providers who prescribe antiinfectives without knowing the causative
organism and which drugs might be appropriate are promoting the?
emergence of resistant strains of microbes
antiinfectives can act to destroy an infective pathogen __ or to prevent the
pathogen from reproducing ___
bactericidal, bacteriostatic
antiinfectives can have a small group of pathogens against which they are
effective known as __ __, or they can be effective against many pathogens known
as __ __.
narrow spectrum, broad spectrum
